九寨沟马脑壳金矿山优势草本植物生物量的垂直分布格局

Vertical Spatial Distribution Patterns of Dominant Herbs Biomass in Jiuzhaigou Manaoke Golden Mine Valley Sichuan,China

于2008年通过对矿山开采区、排渣区(包括排土区)同生境原生草地植被调查的基础上,选择糙野青茅(Deyeuxila scabrescens (Griseb.) Munro)、羊茅(Festuca ovina L.)、四川嵩草(Kobresia setchwanensis Hand.-Mazz.)、白顶早熟禾(Poa acroleuca Steud.)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)等5种优势乡土草本植物,研究其生物量垂直空间分布格局,为矿山生态恢复效果、多样性评价及物种筛选等提供基础数据。结果表明:在调查区内,D.scabrescens和F.ovina分布的范围广、盖度高(分别为18.86%和15.29%)、其生物量(分别为2003.74 kg.hm-2,1507.42 kg.hm-2)也高。5种草本生物量大小排序为D.scabrescens>F.ovina>K.setchwanensis>P.ac-roleuca>E.nutans,其地上生物量与地下生物量均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。总体上看,草本总生物量随海拔的升高呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,5种优势草本生物量与海拔显著相关(P<0.01),但各优势种生物量大小随海拔变化关系不尽一致;草本生物量随坡度变化较大,坡脊生物量较坡谷低;草本盖度随季节有一定的变化。因此,矿山生态恢复过程中恢复物种的搭配应考虑物种生长季节的变化,增加物种多样性以及系统稳定性;同时应注意有效利用矿山资源。

To evaluate the effect of ecological restoration and biodiversity,as well as screen species,five dominant aboriginal herb species（ie.Deyeuxila scabrescens（Griseb.） Munro,Festuca ovina L.,Kobresia setchwanensis Hand.-Mazz.,Poa acroleuca Steud.and Elymus nutans Griseb.） were selected to study dimensional allocation of biomass based on bio-diversity investigation at the similar habitat in Manaoke Mine in 2008.Results show that： the distribution and coverage of D.scabrescens（18.86%） and F.ovina（15.29%） is greater among five species in the survey area while their biomass（is 2003.74 kg/hm^2 and 1507.42 kg/hm^2 respectively） is also larger.The sequence of the five herbs＇ aver-biomass is D.scabrescens〉F.ovina〉K.setchwanensis〉P.acroleuca〉E.nutans.Their aboveground biomass has significant positive correlation with their underground biomass（P〈0.01）.The five herbs＇ biomass are significantly rates with their altitude distribution（P〈0.01）.However,there are different relationships among five species between biomass and altitude distribution.The herb biomass of slope-ridge is apparently smaller than that of slope-valley.The coverage of dominant herb species changes with the seasons.Finally,the article emphasizes that different herb species should be selected to restore the Mine with different altitudes,slope gradients and seasons for maintaining biodiversity and eco-system stability.Meanwhile the resources of Mine should be used effectively.