渤海湾西岸牡蛎壳体形态、生长速率与生长环境的关系

Relationship among the form,growth rate and living environment of oyster shells in west coast of Bohai Bay

牡蛎壳体的尺寸、生长年龄和生长速率是其生命历史中一些最基本的生态信息,与礁体综合生长环境有关;通过对礁体中的壳体形态和壳体生长速率的对比研究,可以恢复礁体生长时期的综合环境。通过对取自黄港水库、大吴庄和岭头三个埋藏牡蛎礁体中保存完好的牡蛎壳体的形态统计分析,并对其中部分适合贝壳年轮研究的壳体进行生长年龄和死亡季节的分析研究;恢复了壳体记录的礁体生长环境,并探讨礁体生长环境对壳体形态的影响和塑造。结果表明,黄港水库礁体中的壳体具有最快的壳高生长速率和最短的生长寿命,礁体生长在距离河口较近的位置,礁体生长环境较动荡;大吴庄礁体中的壳体具有宽大肥厚的壳体外形和最快的壳重增长速率,礁体生长在潮间带或浅海区等稍远离河口的位置,生长环境相对稳定;岭头礁体中的壳体细窄扁平,壳重和壳高生长速率均最慢,礁体生长在如海湾或潟湖等相对封闭的环境中。

The longevity,growth rate,and adult size of oyster are fundamental components to the oyster life history and have relationship with its living environment.Therefore,we can reconstruct palaeo-environment of oyster reef with the study of shell form and growth rate.In this study,shell form of Height,Weight,Length and Width,shell age,death season and growth rate of oyster shells,which sampled from Huanggang（HG）,Dawuzhuang（DW） and Lingtou（LT） reefs were analyzed,in order to reveal palaeo-environments recorded by these three reefs.Further,the relationship between the reef environment and shell form,growth rate and longevity was also discussed.Results show that oyster shells sampled from HG reef are characterized by the largest size of shell height but shortest growth age,and therefore,they have the highest growth rate of shell height;oyster shells sampled from DW reef are characterized with the highest shell weight growth rate and shell valves are round and thick;oyster shells sampled from LT reef are characterized with the slowest shell weight and shell height growth rates and shell valves are thin and slim.Shells sampled from different reefs reveal that HG reef was living near to a river mouth and its living environment was not stable;DW reef was living relatively far from river mouth of intertidal zone or shallow sea environmental conditions,which was apparently stabler than HG reef;LT reef was living at close and stable environmental conditions as lagoon or small bay.