高产田夏玉米季土壤中酶及微生物特性的动态变化特征

Dynamics of soil enzyme activities and microbial characteristics in high-yield fields with summer maize

以河北山前平原现有高产田为研究对象,以周边常规农田为对照,研究了秸秆还田条件下夏玉米生长季土壤酶活性及微生物特性的动态变化特征。结果表明:两种农田上层(0～20 cm)土壤酶活性较强,且高产田土壤酶活性整体显示出高于常规农田;在不同的土层中,各土壤酶的活性随生育期的动态变化趋势基本一致,在玉米生长旺盛阶段活性较高,其中高产田土壤磷酸酶活性显著高于常规农田(P<0.05)。对于常规农田,玉米十叶期追施尿素有效提高了微生物活性,这有利于作物生长旺盛期的发育及还田秸秆腐解;高产田微生物量氮和微生物量磷在生育期内整体上高于常规农田,且表层土壤微生物量磷显著高于常规农田(P<0.05)。

Dynamics of soil enzyme activities and microbial characteristics were investigated in high-yield fields and conventional fields with straw returning in piedmont plain of Hebei Province during the summer maize growing periods.The results showed that the enzyme activities in 0-20 cm soil layers were higher than the others.The enzyme activities in soil of high-yield fields were generally higher than those in conventional fields.Moreover,there were similar trends of soil enzyme activities between high-yield fields and conventional fields during the whole growth stage in each soil layer.However,the phosphatase activities in soil of high-yield fields were significantly higher than those of conventional fields during the blooming period（P0.05）.The application of urea in ten-leaf stage enhanced the microbial activities which was benefit to maize growth and straw decomposition.The microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass phosphorus in soil of high-yield fields were normally higher than those of conventional fields,meanwhile microbial biomass phosphorus had a significant high level in high yield fields.