切花菊“神马”插穗质量对其生长特性及整齐度的影响

Effects of cutting quality on the growth property and uniformity of chrysanthemums cut flowers

针对切花菊"神马"(Dendranthema morifolium."Jinba")生产中出现的植株发育不一致,花枝质量差异大,采收不同期问题,本研究系统地探讨了在同一温、光、水等条件下不同插穗质量对其日后生长发育的影响。研究将插穗分为3级,同一级插穗发育出同一级种苗和同一级植株,跟踪调查每一级种苗栽植后的生长发育过程,并建立其生长预测模型。结果表明:1级种苗定植后进入速生期的时间为15.2 d,速生期平均生长速度1.55cm/d,生长预测模型为:Y=91.012/[1+exp(2.627-0.085t)],r2=0.996;2级种苗定植后进入速生期的时间为16 d,速生期平均生长速度1.51 cm/d,生长预测模型为:Y=90.037/[1+exp(2.655-0.082t)],r2=0.998;3级种苗定植后进入速生期的时间为15.8 d,速生期平均生长速度1.39 cm/d,生长预测模型为:Y=85.106/[1+exp(2.618-0.081t)],r2=0.996。菊花株高与鲜重的线性关系为Y=0.473x+56.27,r=0.89,株高与到花期之间的线性关系:Y=-1.19x+202.7,r=0.976,株高与地径的线形关系:Y=180.85x-37.71r=0.919。通过插穗分级与分栽,发育出的3类植株群体在株高、鲜重及开花整齐度方面均明显高于对照。考虑到产品质量、温室利用率及能源消耗等问题,建议在生产中进行插穗筛选,并剔除第3级插穗。本研究建立的模型能准确地预测切花菊各个生长期的特性,为提升温室切花菊质量提供技术指导。

Quality of cut flowers was influenced profoundly by cutting in chrysanthemum（Dendranthema morifolium cv.＇Jingba＇）.According to growth data of cuttings with different quality level,we established plant growth simulation equations.The first grade cuttings required 15.2 days to arrive quick growth phase after plantation,and growth velocity was 1.55 cm per day.The simulation equations was： Y=91.012/[1＋exp（2.627-0.085t）],r2=0.996.The time for the second grade cuttings was 16 days,and growth velocity was 1.51cm per day.The simulation equation was： Y=90.037/[1＋exp（2.655-0.082t）],r2=0.998,the time for the third grade cuttings was 15.8 days,and the growth speed was 1.39 cm per day.The simulation equation was： Y=85.106/[1＋exp（2.618-0.081t）],r2=0.996,linear relationship between height and fresh weight： Y=0.473x＋56.27,r=0.89,linear relationship between height and time to florescence： Y=-1.19x＋202.7,r=0.976,and the linear relationship between height and stemdiameter： Y=180.85x-37.71,r=0.919.Compared with the uniformity of height,fresh weight and the time to florescence,the cuttings after filtration performed much well than control.The model developed in this study can predict plant growth properties from standard cuttings and can be used for decision making to optimize uniformity-control for standard cut chrysanthemum production in greenhouse.