三种古典社会契约理论之比较——以霍布斯、洛克、卢梭为例

Comparison among Several Classical Social Contract Theories——Taking Hobbes,Locke and Rousseau as Examples

社会契约理论是一套关于国家起源以及政治制度设计的较为完整的理论体系。古典社会契约理论的代表人物霍布斯、洛克、卢梭都勾画了自己的社会契约理论。作为当时具有进步意义的政治思想,社会契约理论为资产阶级反对君权神授、推翻封建专制的统治提供了强大的思想武器。但是,由于这几种社会契约理论在伦理基础和时代背景等方面的不同,因此,三者的理论又表现出一定的差异。

The social contract theory is a whole set of systems of theories on the origin of state and political system design. The representative fugures of the classical social contract theory： Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau gave a brief account of their respective social contract theory. As a political ideology that had progress significance then, the social contract theory provided a strong ideological weapon for the capitalist class struggling against the divine right of kings and overthrowing the feudal dictatorial rule. But there are some discrepancies among the three theories due to the difference in the ethical basis and the background of the times.