湖北省血吸虫病监测点2006～2008年疫情对比分析

Comparison of the prevalence of schistosomiasis in 2006-2008 at surveillance sites in Hubei Province

目的掌握湖北省血吸虫病疫情变化情况,为制定防治规划提供科学依据。方法按照《湖北省血吸虫病监测方案》的要求,在全省血吸虫病流行区选择有代表性的74个流行村作为监测点,开展人畜查病和钉螺调查。结果 2006~2008年监测点居民血吸虫感染率分别为2.77%、1.97%和1.32%,耕牛感染率分别为8.83%、5.85%和1.85%,活螺平均密度分别为0.73、0.47和0.37只/0.1m2,感染螺平均密度分别为0.002 0、0.000 5和0.000 3只/0.1m2,钉螺感染率分别为0.27%、0.11%和0.08%。疫情逐年下降,2008年和2006年相比,居民血吸虫感染率、耕牛感染率、活螺平均密度、感染螺平均密度、钉螺感染率分别下降52.35%、79.05%、49.32%、85.00%和70.37%。结论 2006~2008年湖北省血吸虫病疫情呈明显下降趋势,但疫情并不稳定,反弹因素依然存在,疫情进一步下降的难度加大,为确保2013年全省达到血吸虫病传播控制目标的实现,必须重点加强耕牛的管理与处置,加强查螺和灭阳性螺的工作,切实控制传染源。

Objective To ascertain changes in the prevalence of schistosomiasis and provide a scientific basis for devising a control program in Hubei Province.Methods According to the program for Hubei Provincial Schistosomiasis Surveillance,74 schistosomiasis surveillance sites（villages） were selected and established.Schistosomiasis in residents and cattle was investigated,and Oncomelania snails were also examined.Surveillance results from 2006-2008 were statistically analyzed with SPSS12.0 software.Results From 2006-2008,the rate of infection among residents was 2.77%,1.97%,and 1.32%,respectively;the rate of infection among cattle was 8.83%,5.85%,and 1.85%,respectively.In the same period,snail density was 0.73,0.47,and 0.37/0.1m2,respectively,the density of infected snails was 0.002 0,0.000 5,and 0.000 3/0.1 m2,respectively,and the rate of snail infection was 0.27%,0.11%,and 0.08%,respectively.The prevalence of schistosomiasis decreased yearly.Comparing 2008 to 2006,the rate of infection among residents,the rate among cattle,snail density,the density of infected snails,and the rate of snail infection decreased by 52.35%,79.05%,49.32%,85.00%,and 70.37%,respectively.Conclusion The prevalence of schistosomiasis in Hubei has clearly decreased but has not been stabilized and there are factors that could lead it to rebound.A further decrease in prevalence will be difficult.To achieve the aims of schistosomiasis transmission control in the entire province by 2013,efforts must emphasize the management and handling of cattle.In addition,snail survey and snail eradication efforts should be enhanced.