多重文化视域中的孙坚形象

Character of Sun Jian from a Multicultural View

孙坚是东吴集团的奠基者,在史书和民间传说中都有不少关于他的记载和传说,但在这些记载和传说中出现的却是两幅截然不同的面孔。史家笔下的孙坚以勇猛善战著称,在风云变幻的三国时代是一位数得上的英雄。但在元杂剧、《三国志平话》以及其它民间创作中,孙坚不仅武艺低劣,而且目光短浅、心胸狭窄,是一个十足的小丑形象。在《三国演义》中,作者对孙坚形象进行了重塑,主要表现在两个方面:其一是还原,作者不仅写了孙坚的一些英雄业绩,同时还送他一个"江东猛虎"的称号,在一定程度上恢复了他一代英豪的面目;其二,从"拥刘"这一基本原则出发,删去了孙坚斩华雄、败吕布等功劳,淡化了其历史作用。与元杂剧和《三国志平话》相比,《三国演义》对孙坚形象的处理更有分寸,也有更高的艺术价值。

Sun Jian,the founder of Dong Wu Group during the Three Kingdoms Period,is widely recorded in historical books and folklores;yet,curiously enough,he is depicted as a twofold character with distinct images.While historians regard him as a brave and resourceful warrior in battle,dramatists of Yuan Dynasty and folklore authors portray Sun Jian as a narrow-minded wretch who is poor in martial arts.However,in Romance of the Three Kingdoms,the character of Sun Jian is re-portrayed in two aspects.First,it is restored.The author glorifies Sun Jian＇s achievements,and names him as the ＂Fierce Tiger of Dong Wu＂,so that Sun Jian＇ true color as a hero has been restored to some extent.Second,based on the guideline of ＂endorsing Liu Bei＂,the author deliberately deleted Sun Jian＇s achievements of beheading Hua Xiong and defeating Lü Bu to dilute his historical role.Therefore,compared with the Yuan dramas and Popular Stories of the Three Kingdoms,Romance of the Three Kingdoms has treated the character of Sun Jian in a more appropriate way,thus having more artistic value.