初入高原新兵心理健康及其相关因素调查分析

INVESTIGATION ON MENTAL HEALTH AND ITS RELATED FACTORS IN RECRUITS AT HIGH ALTITUDE

目的了解初入高原新兵心理健康状况及其相关因素,为制定有针对性的心理训练计划及心理干预措施,提高高原环境下新兵的心理健康水平提供依据。方法采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对1422名新兵进行现场测评。结果 1422名新兵中发生焦虑240人,占16.9%,发生抑郁391人,占27.5%;SAS均分为39.96±7.31,SDS均分为43.11±8.23,均明显高于中国常模(SAS 37.23±5.26,SDS 41.88±10.57)(P<0.01);农村入伍者、独生子女、入伍前有收入、遵照父母的意见和尽义务、受教育程度较低的新兵易发生焦虑、抑郁(P<0.05,P<0.01);女性易产生焦虑(P<0.05),18岁、19岁者比大于20岁和小于17岁者更易出现焦虑(P<0.01),年龄和性别与抑郁的发生无明显关系。结论新兵焦虑、抑郁发生率较高;城乡差别、独生子女、入伍动机、入伍前收入以及受教育程度等均是影响新战士心理健康的主要因素。

Objective To investigate the mental health status and its related factors in recruits who arrived at high altitude for the first time in order to provide the basis for working out psychological training plan and intervention to improve the mental health.Methods A total of 1422 recruits were tested by the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,（SAS）,and Self-Rating Depression Scale,（SDS）.Results 16.9% of the recruits had anxiety,27.5% had depression.The scores of SAS-test and SDS-test were 39.96±7.31,and 43.11±8.23 respectively,which were significantly higher than Chinese norm（SAS： 37.23±5.26,SDS：41.88±10.57）,（P0.01）.Rural recruit,the only child in a family,education,income before enlistment and motive of enlistment were closely correlated with anxiety（P0.01） and depression（P0.05）.Female soldiers were liable to have anxiety（P0.05）,and the 18,19-year-old soldiers were more liable to have anxiety than those 17 or 20 year of age（P0.01）,while there was no significant relationship between depression and age,or gender.Conclusion The incidence of anxiety and depression in recruits arriving at high altitude was rather high.Difference between town and country,only child,the motive of enlistment,the income before enlistment,and education were the main factors influencing the mental health of recruits.