水景社区的雨水收集与综合利用设计

Case study on collection and reuse of rainwater in waterscape community of Shanghai

为研究城市雨水收集与综合利用,以上海郊区一生态水景社区为例,进行水量平衡计算。结果表明,该社区年均雨水可收集量约45 678 m3,占一年总降雨量的62%左右,不但满足社区每年的绿化浇灌、硬地冲洗以及水面蒸发等消耗量,而且富余雨水经过处理后可用作景观湖的补充水源及其他用水。雨水收集利用系统设计以景观湖为中心,屋面雨水通过2个总容积为675 m3的地下集蓄池来收集,集蓄水量可达1.83万m3/a;绝大部分绿地、道路广场以及极少数屋面的雨水径流通过长1 km的植草浅沟和500 m长的碎石沟渠收集,并汇入2个总面积为800 m2的暴雨塘系统内暂时储存。户外小停车场和小广场的雨水通过砂床过滤系统收集。

In order to study the collection and comprehensive utilization of the urban rainfall,using waterscape community in a rural area of Shanghai as an example,the water balance was calculated.The results from water balance computation showed that the annual average amount of rainwater collection in a waterscape community in a rural area of Shanghai reached 45678 m^3,and rainwater collection efficiency amounted to 62%.The collected rainwater can not only offset the water loss due to water consumption of green water,ground surface flushing,and water surface evaporation,it can also provide a water source for the scenic artificial lake and other purposes after treatment.The design scheme of the rainwater collection and reuse system took the landscape lake as the core.Two underground storage tanks with a total capacity of 675 m^3 were designed for collecting and reserving most roof rainwater and the total collected water quantity reached 1.83×10^4 m^3 per year.A grassed swale 1 km long,a gravel infiltration trench 0.5 km long,and two storm water ponds with a surface area of 800 m^2 were designed for collecting and storing rainwater runoff from green land,roads,squares,and very few roofs.Additionally,a sand bed filter system was designed for collecting rainwater runoff from small outdoor parking lots and small squares.