1990～2000年昆明市景观格局变化研究

Landscape Pattern Changes of Kunming City Between 1990 and 2000

利用昆明市1990年和2000年2期遥感影像解译数据,结合GIS和统计软件,对昆明市10年间景观格局变化特征进行分析.结果表明：1990~2000年昆明市各景观要素之间变化显著,景观要素面积增加的有建设用地、城镇居住用地、草地和旱地,增加最大的是城镇居住用地,增加了10.92 km2,比1990年增加了5.5%;面积减少的有水田、林地和湿地;各景观要素之间相互转化,其主要特征：①城区外水田、旱地等生产用地向城市居住用地和建设用地转移,其中水田在10年间向城镇居住用地转化了1 134.25 hm2,占1990年水田的5.81%;②林地、旱地和草地之间相互转化,林地向草地转化的面积最大,为1 694.19 hm2.对昆明市景观格局分析结果为,随着城市化的快速发展,城市居住用地景观破碎度减少,斑块形状趋于规则化;林地、草地和旱地景观破碎度增大、斑块形状复杂化;景观总体格局趋向于多样化、复杂化.

The landscape pattern changes of Kunming in 10 years are analyzed by interpreting two sets of data from remote sensing image in 1990 and 2000 associated with GIS and statistical software.Results show that a significant change could be found in the past decade among the landscape elements of Kunming,of which those with increasing sizes include construction land,town residential land,grassland and dry land,while those with decreasing sizes include paddy field,woodland,and wetland.The largest increase in size occurs in town residential land which with an increase of 10.92km2,compared with an increase of 5.5% in 1990.These landscape elements can be inter-converted each other.The main features are（1） dry land and paddy field outside the city have been transformed into town residential land and construction land,in which paddy field was transformed into town residential land with 1134.25 hm2 being the proportion of 5.81% for paddy field in 1990;（2） woodland,dry land,and grassland inter-convert each other.The size of grassland converted by woodland was larggest,1694.19hm2.By analyzing landscape pattern in Kunming,the fragmentation of residential land has been decreased and the patch shape has become regular;the landscape fragmentation of woodland,grassl and dry land has been worse with an irregular patch shape;the overall landscape pattern tend to be complex and diverse,due to Kunming urbanization expands.