煤矿塌陷复垦区6种菊科植物土壤重金属污染修复潜力研究

The phytoremediation potential of six compositae plants to soil pollution of heavy metal in coal mine collapse and reclaimed area

采集淮南潘一煤矿塌陷复垦区6种常见的菊科植物,通过测定植物及根区土壤中的重金属,研究重金属在植物体内的吸收、分布和富集特征。结果表明,潘一煤矿塌陷复垦区土壤已受到不同程度的重金属污染,6种菊科植物对重金属的富集和转移,因植物种类、部位和金属类型而不同;与普通植物体中重金属含量相比,6种菊科植物表现出了对Ni、Cr、Pb、Cd积累特性;由于受成土母质和研究区域土壤环境质量的影响,调查的6种菊科植物地上部分重金属含量均未达到超积累植物的临界含量标准,没有筛选出超积累植物。但是调查发现,洋姜(Helianthus tuberosus)和一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)对Cd元素同时具备超累积植物的两个基本特征,这两种植物的生物量大,生长速度快,对环境的适应性强,可以列为煤矿塌陷复垦区Cd污染修复先锋植物,其植物修复潜力值得进一步研究。

Heavy metal concentrations of 6 widely distributing compositae plants were collected from reclaimation area of Panyi Moal Mine,Sonchus oleraceus,Helianthus tuberosus,Artemisia lavandulaefolia,Artemisia sacrorum,Erigeron annuus,Cirsium setosum,were analyzed to discuss heavy metal absorption and distribution characteristics in plants.The results show that the reclaimed soil is polluted by heavy metals at different levels in subsidence area of Panyi Coal Mine.The enrichment and transfer ability of 6 compositae plants to various heavy mentals is different because of the plant species,organs and different types of metal.Comparing with the heavy metal content of ordinary plant body,6 kinds of compositae plants indicate accumulation characteristics of Ni,Cr,Pb,and Cd.Due to the soil parent materials and soils environmental quality of research regions affected,the heavy metal concentration in the above ground of the surveyed compositae plants does not achieved the minimum of hyperaccumulator,and not screened out the hyperaccumulator.However,it is found that Helianthus tuberosus and Erigeron annuus possess the two basic characteristics of Cd-hyperaccumualtors,which has the features of a great biomass,faster growth and fine adaptability to environment.So Helianthus tuberosus and Erigeron annuus can be used as a dominant species for Cd polluted soils in abandoned land of coal mine,which has a better potential and practical use in phytoremediation.