滦河水库系统浮游植物时空变化特征研究

Temporal and Spatial Variability Analysis of Phytoplankton at the Luanhe River Reservoir System in North China

2009年对滦河水库系统潘家口-大黑汀水库的浮游植物时空变化特征进行研究,结果表明,潘家口-大黑汀水库共监测到浮游植物8门34科62属,其中本次研究共发现库区新记录藻类11属;种类最多的为绿藻门和硅藻门,分别有27属和14属,分别占32.4%和23.5%;其中优势种类为8属,常见种类为17属,次常见或稀有种类为37属。藻密度在春末和夏初较小,在秋季的8、9月生长量达到最大,在冬季又开始降低,以潘家口坝上样点为例,5月藻密度为160.9万个.L-1,9月藻密度1 721.27万个.L-1;春季主要的优势类群为硅甲藻,夏季为隐硅藻,秋季为蓝绿藻,夏秋季节的优势属为假鱼腥藻(蓝藻门)。藻类分布存在空间性差异,种类最多的样点(下池)共发现43属,种类最少的样点(大黑汀库区)仅发现20属。与20世纪80年代的调查结果相比,47属为共有浮游植物,相似性系数为64.8%,浮游植物群落结构由硅藻型向蓝-绿藻型转变,其中变化最大的样点为潘家口坝上,相似性系数仅为29.4%,藻类密度增加了近20倍,总磷和总氮浓度分别增加1.41倍和3.63倍,潘家口-大黑汀水库富营养化程度呈加剧趋势。

The phytoplankton community and its temporal and spatial distribution were investigated at the Panjiakou-Daheiting Reservoir system at Luanhe River of North China in 2009.The Luanhe River is the primary source of water to these reservoirs.The reservoirs have a primary use for storage of drinking water and partially supply Tianjin City with its annual needs.The results showed that the phytoplankton diversity of 62 genera belonging to 34 families in 8 phyta were identified,of which 11 genera are new record to Panjiakou-Daheiting Reser-voirs.Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta are major in phytoplanktonic flora,and have 7 genera（32.4%）and 14 genera（23.5%）respectively.Among phytoplanktonic flora,8 genera are dominate,17 genera are common and 37 genera are rare.In late spring and early summer,the al-gal density value is low and dominate component is Bacillariophyta and Pyrrophyta.In summer and autumn,the algal density value is high and dominate component is Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta.At Panjiakou Dam samples,algal density is 1.609×106 Cell.L-1 in May and 1.721× 107 Cell.L-1 in September.Pseudanabaena is dominate genus in summer and autumn.The phytoplankton is abundant in Xiachi samples,in which 43 genera were identified.However,only 20 genera were identified in the center of Daheiting Reservoir.Comparing with the investiga-tion of 1980s,there are 47 shared genera of phytoplankton,and the similarity coefficient is 64.8%.The phytoplankton community structure has changed from diatoms type to blue-green algae and green algae type.The phytoplankton community of Panjiakou Dam samples changed much than other samples and the similarity coefficient is 29.4%.The algae density increased by nearly 20 times,the concentration of total phosphorus and total nitrogen increased by 1.41 times and 3.63 times respectively.Eutrophication of Panjiakou-Daheiting reservoirs has be-coming more aggravated.