计算被征收不动产价值的时间标准——美国法上的情形及其对解决“潘蓉案”的启示

Proper Time at Which to Evaluate the Real Property to Be Expropriated:Provisions in American Law and Their Revelation to Settlement of PanRong

被征收不动产的价值是变动的,征收补偿时,必须确定计算被征收不动产价值的时间标准。上海"潘蓉案"的重要争点之一就是应以潘蓉房产在何时的价值为补偿标准。美国法典没有对该问题的规定,部分州立法规定了计算被征收不动产价值的时间标准。美国法院一般尊重这些成文法,但如果在个案中适用成文法导致明显不公正,会援引《美国宪法第五修正案》中的公平补偿条款对时间标准做出微调。美国法的做法对我们解决"潘蓉案"有较大的启示意义。

The value of real property to be expropriated may fluctuate and the time at which to evaluate the property must be specified so as to ensure proper compensation is paid. One of the heated issues in PanRong case in Shanghai is just at what time PanRong＇ s house should be evaluated. No relevant provisions can be found in the US Code, but they can be traced in some state statutes, which, though typically respected by the court, if leading to overt.injustice in a specific case, may be modified under the just compensation provision in the Amendment Five. The experiences in the USA may have revelation to the settlement of PanRong.