《孝经》:先秦儒家孝道思想理论化、系统化的总结之作

Xiaojing:A Theoretical and Systematic Classic of Pre-Qin Confucian Thought of Filial Duty

作为儒家"十三经"之一的《孝经》仅二卷,十八章,共1903字,在十三经中篇幅仅占0.28%,①是十三经中篇幅最短的一部。然而此书在汉代复出后,立即受到统治者的重视。文帝时开始设置《孝经》博士,武帝时规定《孝经》是对太子、诸王进行教育的主要教科书,平帝时《孝经》被正式定为官方教科书。东汉时《孝经》入"七经",唐时《孝经》入"开成石经"。北宋时,《孝经》被正式列入"十三经",成为治国平天下的宝典。《孝经》之所以受到历代统治者的青睐,根本原因是此书是对先秦儒家孝道思想完整、系统、精辟的总结而形成孝道、孝行、孝治的集大成之作。

Xiaojing,one of the Thirteen Confucian Classics,has only two volumes consisting of eighteen chapters.It has 1903 Chinese characters in total,accounting for 0.28% and being the shortest classic of the Thirteen Classics.However,it had received much attention from the rulers soon after its reappearance in Han dynasty.Emperor Wen originated a position of court academician on Xiaojing;Emperor Wu stipulated Xiaojing to be the main textbook for education of crown prince and other princes;subsequently,Emperor Ping made Xiaojing the prescribed textbook officially.Xiaojing became one of the seven Confucian classics in the Eastern Han Dynasty（25—220 AD）,and one of the stone classics of Kaicheng reign in Tang Dynasty.In Northern Song Dynasty（960—1127）,it was officially listed as one of the Thirteen Classics,thereby becoming a treasured book in ruling the country and pacifying the land.This classic was popular with different rulers of so many dynasties.The fundamental cause consists in that Xiaojing is a complete,systematic and penetrating summarization of pre-Qin Confucian thought of filial duty,and is a comprehensive work expounding filial duty,piety and filial rule.