上海崇明明珠湖原生动物的群落结构

The research of protozoa community structure in Mingzhu Lake of Chongming Island,Shanghai

于2008年1-12月对明珠湖原生动物的群落结构进行调查研究。采用淡水浮游生物调查方法,对原生动物进行采集、鉴定,并对明珠湖原生动物的种类分布、群落结构、种类组成、优势种及物种多样性等进行了分析。结果表明,全年共鉴定出原生动物60种,隶属于3纲26属。优势种包括二角多甲腰鞭虫、尾眼虫、膝曲眼虫、绿急游虫、裸腰鞭虫、恩茨筒壳虫和游仆虫未定种1种;原生动物的生物密度年均值为(42075±21594)ind/L,生物量年均值为(1.531±1.384)mg/L;明珠湖原生动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均较低,物种多样性指数的变化与水质状况密切相关;原生动物功能营养类群中,食藻者群、细菌碎屑取食者群较多,光合自养者群、食肉者群较少;影响明珠湖原生动物生态特征分布的主要因子是水温、叶绿素a含量、总氮和总磷。目前,明珠湖水质呈中度污染。

A comprehensive survey on the community structure of protozoa was conducted in Mingzhu Lake of Chongming Island in each month of 2008. The protozoa was collected and identified using freshwater plankton survey methodology,and the type of protozoa distribution,community structure,species composition,dominant species and species diversity were analyzed. The results showed that there were 60 species of protozoas in Mingzhu Lake,belonging to 3 classes,26 genera. The dominant species were Peridinium bipes,Euglena caudate,E. geniculata,Strombidium viride,Gymnodinium aeruginosum, Tintinnidium evtzii,Euplotes sp. The average annual density of protozoa was（ 42 075 ±21 594） ind/L and the average annual biomass was（ 1. 531 ± 1. 384） mg /L. The Shannon-Wiener diversity,evenness index and richness index of the protozoa community in the Lake were relatively low. The relationship between species diversity index and the quality of water was closely correlated. In the functional nutrition taxa of protozoa, the proportion of algivores and bactivores-detritivores were higher than the photosnthetic qutotrophs and raptors. The significant factor affecting protozoa distribution was temperature,Chl. a content,TN and TP which suggested that the Mingzhu Lake was moderately polluted.