长江流域可持续发展的环境支持系统研究

MAJOR PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF THE ENVIRONMENT SUPPORTING SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN

可持续发展取决于智力、资源、环境、动力、过程五大支持系统的正常协调运转。其中环境支持系统是一个重要方面。但目前长江流域的环境支持系统较为脆弱，生态环境问题比较严重，若不积极研究采取有效措施加以解决．对长江流域的持续发展极为不利。本文根据有关资料．对持续发展的可利用空间及其五大支持系统作了较为系统的论述，并对长江流域环境支持系统面临的主要问题和对策作了较深入的分析。研究认为，长江流域环境支持系统面临的主要问题表现在：水土流失加剧；水污染和水质性缺水问题突出；大气环境污染严重；农业生态环境污染加重；自然灾害尤其是洪涝灾害呈增加趋势。解决上述问题应从以下方面着手：建设长江保护林体系；加强结构调整；加大投资力度；加大执法力度；加强水污染、大气环境污染的综合整治。

The sustainable development depends on the normal coordinating operation of five supportingSystems, i. e. the intelligence supporting system, the resource supporting system, the environment supporting system, the power supporting system and the process supporting system. Theenvironment supporting system is one of the important aspects. Now the environment supportingsystem is fragile and the eec-environmental problems are grave in the Yangtze River Basin. If wedo not take effective measures to solve these problems, the sustainable development in theYangtze River Basin is impossible. Based on reliable material, this paper makes a systematic exposition of the available space for sustainable development, analyses the major problems of the environment supporting system in the Yangtze River Basin, and suggests some countermeasures tosolve these problems. According to the research, the main problems of the environment supportingsystem in the Yangtze River Basin are: aggravated soil erosion, serious water pollution and lack ofqualified water, the seriously polluted air condition and eec-agricultural environment, and the increasing natural disasters especially flood and water logging damage. To solve these problems, thefollowing measures should be taken: building Yangtze River shelter forest, adjusting energy andeconomic structure, increasing investment, enhancing the enforcement of law, and integratedharnessing of air and water pollution.