ECLA学派的兴衰与历史功过

The Rise and the Decline,the Merits and the Demerits of ECLA School in History

严格意义上的ECLA学派大致存在于20世纪50—60年代。在这20年左右的时间里,该学派的观点走势大致可以1960年为界划分为前后两个阶段。在60年代以前,该学派积极推广自己的理论见解和政策主张,但是到了60年代,在严峻事实和其他各种压力面前,该学派的观点趋于悲观并急剧回缩,直到本来处于发展理论中心区的该学派自身被推向角落。ECLA学派的基本学说是中心-边缘论基础上的进口替代工业化思想。其他的理论观点和政策建议,如通货膨胀论、区域一体化、国际经济新秩序等,几乎都是从这一基本思想出发并为这一思想服务的。ECLA学派的兴衰是拉美国家发展态势和民族心理变动的一面镜子。ECLA学派的命运从一个侧面揭示了理论与实践的复杂关系和发展中国家谋求发展的艰辛不易。

In strict sense,ECLA School roughly existed between the 1950s and the 1960s.In the 20 years or so,the development of the school＇s viewpoints could be roughly divided into two stages with the year 1960 as the divide.Before the 1960s,the school was active in spreading its theories and policies.In the 1960s,however,when faced with serious facts and all kinds of pressure,its viewpoints tended to become pessimistic and rapidly lost its influence.It continued to decline until the school,originally in the heart of development theory,was marginalized by itself.The basic theory of ECLA is the ＂Importation in Place of Industrialization＂ Thought,based on the ＂Center-and-Margin Theory＂.Almost all other views and suggestions are based on the basic thought,and support it in turn,like ＂Inflation Theory＂,＂Regional Integration＂ and ＂New International Economic Order＂.The rise and decline of the school mirror the changes of development situations in Latin American countries and national psychologies.The fate of the school reveals the complicated relationship between theory and practice and the difficulties developing countries are face with in seeking development.