海南热带兰花设施栽培中有害软体动物种类的调查

Investigation of Harmful Mollusks in Facility Cultivation of Tropical Orchids in Hainan

软体动物的危害已成为制约热带兰花设施生产的主要因素之一。笔者在海南的海口市、琼中县、三亚市各选若干兰园,对设施兰园内和兰园周边地带中存在的有害软体动物进行了调查,现已发现5种蜗牛,分别是褐云玛瑙螺[Achatina fulica(Bowdich,1822)],东方琥珀螺[Succinea orientalis(Benson,1851)],中华小囊螺[Microcystina sinica(Moellendorff,1885)],红粉缘尖巴蜗牛[Acusta tourannensis rhodostoma(Moellen-dorff,1884)]以及平齿坚螺[Camena platydon(Pfeiffer,1845))。另外发现2种蛞蝓,其中一种为双线嗜粘液蛞蝓[Meghimatium bilineatum(Benson,1842)];另一种在海南极为罕见,仅收到唯一一份活体标本,已死亡而尚未作物种鉴定。根据调查结果分析了各种有害软体动物对热带兰花设施生产的危害的轻重程度,并提出了相关的防除建议。

The destruction of the mollusks has become one of the most important factors to restrict the tropical orchid production. In our report,the harmful mollusks in the orchid gardens in the northern regions of Hainan Island （Haikou）,central regions of Hainan Island（Qiongzhong）and southern regions of Hainan Island（Sanya） were investigated. The results indicated that 5 species of snails,which were Achatina fulica （Bowdich,1822）,Camena platydons（ Benson,1851）,Acusta tourannensis rhodostoma （Moellendorff,1884）,Succinea orientalis （Pfeiffer,1845） and Microcystina sinica （Moellendorff,1885）,and 2 slug species,one of which was Meghimatium bilineatum（Benson,1842）and another one which was not identified was extremely rare in Hainan,were detected. Based on these data,the harm extents of them were analyzed and some prevention and elimination suggestions were proposed.