美国联邦职业教育法案立法主体及其影响立法的方式

The Legislation Subjects of Federal Vocational Education Law and Its Influencing Modes in America

美国职业教育法案立法主体包括院内立法主体和院外立法主体。院内立法主体包括美国国会、总统及最高法院,国会主要通过提出与审议议案来创制立法;总统通过国情咨文、个人演说等形式发挥立法建议权及行使立法否决权,最高法院起着规约立法方向的作用。院外立法主体主要通过影响立法人员、增强自身影响力、营造支持性环境、参与议案起草工作、在立法听证会上陈述观点、推动议案审议通过等方式影响职业教育立法。这两个立法主体在职业教育法案立法过程中呈现多元博弈的特征,对我国培养职业教育立法主体具有一定的借鉴意义。

The legislation subjects of federal vocational education law in America includes legislation subjects inside government and legislation subjects outside government.The former includes capitol hill,president and supreme count,the capitol hill creates law mainly through putting forward and discussing bills;the president exerts legislation suggestion rights and legislation veto rights through consultation report on the situation of the country and delivering speech,and the supreme count plays the role of stipulating legislation directions.The legislation subjects outside government mainly produce impacts on vocational education legislation through influencing legislation staff,enhancing their influences,building supportive environment,participating in bill drafting,stating views on meeting of legislation hearing of witness and boosting the discussion on bills.The two main legislation subjects manifest the characteristics of pluralisty and gaming in the process of vocational education legislation,which have some reference meaning for cultivating legislation subjects of vocational education in China.