中国城市中学生忽视影响因素分析

An investigation and analysis of influential factors of neglect for urban middle school students aged 12-17 years in China

目的 根据我国国情自行开发的城市中学生（12～17岁）忽视评价常模,首次对全国12～17岁城区中学生开展有关忽视影响因素的调查分析,以便明确影响中学生忽视的主要危险因素,为制订科学的干预措施奠定基础.方法 在全国多阶段分层随机抽取具有代表性的城市24个,共调查3 539例中学生,其中男生占50.1%;少数民族占9.5% .使用SPSS 13.0软件建立数据库,统计分析：①忽视危险因素的单因素分析（采用χ2检验法）;②忽视危险因素的多因素分析（分别采用Binary Logistic回归分析和多元线性逐步回归分析方法 ）.结果 中国城市12～14岁组和15～17岁组中学生总忽视率分别为22.4%和32.8%,忽视度分别为46.4和49.7,其中12～14岁组男、女学生忽视度分别为46.9和45.9（P＆lt;0.05）,忽视率分别为24.9%和19.9%（P＆lt;0.05）;15～17岁组男、女学生忽视度分别为51.1和48.2（P＆lt;0.01）,忽视率分别为39.2%和26.1%（P＆lt;0.01）,均处于较高水平.6个忽视层面危险因素及总忽视度分析显示,12～14岁中学生与父亲关系（t=9.204,P＆lt;0.01）、与母亲关系（t=10.947,P＆lt;0.01）、母亲文化程度（t=2.591,P＆lt;0.05）、父母之间关系（t=3.716,P＆lt;0.01）、民族（t=2.674,P＆lt;0.01）、性别（t=-2.747,P＆lt;0.01）、父亲文化程度（t=2.285,P＆lt;0.05）、家庭月收入（t=2.368,P＆lt;0.05）、收入是否减少（t=-2.005,P＆lt;0.05）为主要的忽视危险因素;15～17岁中学生与父亲关系（t=9.322,P＆lt;0.01）、与母亲关系（t=4.752,P＆lt;0.01）、性别（t=-6.299,P＆lt;0.01）、母亲文化程度（t=4.513,P＆lt;0.01）、父母之间的关系（t=3.773,P＆lt;0.01）、父母工作变动（t=-2.835,P＆lt;0.01）为主要的忽视危险因素.结论 无论单因素或多因素分析,我国城市存在较多的中学生忽视危险因素,主要有与父母的关系、父母之间关系、父母文化程度等.

Objective To survey major relevant risk factors of neglect of middle school students aged 12-17 years in China based on middle school students neglect norms developed in China for the first time so as to provide a basis for formulating scientific interventions. Methods 3 539 middle school students （ of them male students accounted for 50. 1% and those with minority nationality accounted for 9.5% ） were selected and surveyed in multistage stratified random sampling method from 24 cities which were representative of 12 provinces of China. SPSS 13.0 software was used to conduct statistics analysis. Single factor analysis was conducted throughx2 test（ Chi- Square） and multifactorial analysis was conducted through binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression. Results The total prevalences of neglect among urban middle students in 12-14 years age group and 15-17 years age group in China were 22.4% and 32.8% respectively and the total neglect degrees among middle school students in the two age groups were 46.4 and 49.7 respentively. Of which, the neglect degrees among male students and female students in 12-14 years age group were 46.9 and 45.9 respectively（ P 〈 0.05 ） and the prevalences of neglect for male students and female students were 24.9% and 19.9% respectively （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Among male middle school students and female middle students in 15-17 years age group, the neglect degrees and prevalence of neglect were 51. 1 and 48.2 respectively （ P 〈 0.01 ）, 39.2% and 26.1% respectively （ P 〈 0.01 ）, which were both in higher levels. Single factor analysis, binary logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression showed that main risk factors of neglect for middle school students in 12-14 years age group included relation between students and their fathers （ t = 9. 204, P 〈 0.01 ）, relation betwwen the students and their mothers （ t = 10. 947, P 〈 0.01 ）, mother＇ s educational background （ t = 2. 591, P 〈 0.05）, relation between parents （ t = 3. 716, P 〈 0.01 ）, nationality （ t = 2. 674, P 〈 0.01 ） , sex （ t = - 2. 747, P 〈 O. 01 ）, father＇ s educational background （ t = 2. 285, P 〈 0.05 ）, family monthly income （t = 2. 368, P 〈 0.05）, decrease in family income （ t = - 2.005, P 〈 0. 05 ）. For students aged 15-17 years, the major influential factors of nagnect included relation between middle school students and their fathers （ t = 9. 322, P 〈 0.01 ）, relation between the middle school students and their mother （ t = 4. 752, P 〈 0.01 ）, sex （ t = - 6.299, P 〈 0.01 ）, mother＇ s educational background （ t = 4. 513, P 〈 0.01 ）, relation between father and mother （t = 3. 773, P 〈 0.01 ） and parents＇ work change （ t = - 2. 835, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion There exists serious risk factors of middle school students neglect in urban areas in China. Both monofactorial analysis and multifactorial analysis show that major influential factors of middle school students include relation between the middle school students and their parents, relation between father and mother and parents＂ educational backgrounds, etc.