婴儿早期喂养对1岁前疾病与生长发育的影响

Effects of different early feeding patterns on growth,development and incidence of diseases of infants aged 0-1 year

目的 了解西安市第一医院所属地段婴幼儿喂养情况,探讨不同喂养方式及疾病对婴幼儿体格发育的影响.方法 将582例婴儿根据出生后前4～6个月的喂养方式分为完全母乳喂养组,部分母乳喂养组和人工喂养组.分别从1个月开始每月测量身长、体重到其1岁时,并记录婴儿1岁内＂四病＂的患病情况.结果 完全母乳喂养组,部分母乳喂养组和人工喂养组婴儿6月龄时的身长分别为68.41±2.31cm、68.25±2.39cm及68.06±2.41cm,体重分别为8.33±0.99kg、8.18±1.01kg及8.07±0.98kg,方差分析提示不同喂养方式婴儿6月龄时身长、体重的比较有统计学意义（身长F=36.71,体重F=34.54,均P＜0.05）,身长及体重超均值率也有统计学意义（身长χ2=11.940,P=0.03;体重χ2=7.105,P=0.029）,其中完全母乳喂养与部分母乳喂养儿高于人工喂养儿;1岁时,3种喂养方式婴儿身长分别为76.31±2.33cm、76.28±2.35cm及76.19±2.43cm,体重分别为10.32±1.36kg、10.41±1.38kg及10.43±1.36kg,经比较无统计学意义（身长F=19.31,体重F=18.89,P＞0.05）;3种喂养方式的婴儿1岁内＂四病＂患病率比较有统计学差异（χ2=22.398,P＆lt;0.05）.结论 母乳喂养是婴儿最理想的喂养方式,可降低＂四病＂患病率,在无母乳的情况下,配方奶粉不失为最佳的选择.

Objective To investigate feeding patterns of infants and young children in the area covered by The First Xi＇ an Municipal People＇ s Hospital and to explore effects of different feeding patterns on physical growth, development and incidence of diseases of infants and young children. Methods 582 infants were divided into three groups according to their feeding pattern within 4 to 6 months after birth： exclusive breastfeeding group, partial breastfeeding group and artificial feeding group. Their body length and weight were measured every month from one month to one year of age. At the same time, the incidences of ＂four common infantile diseases＂ among infants within 1 year of age were recorded. Results At six months of age, body length and body weight and super-mean rate in body length/weight of infants exclusive breastfeeding and partial breastfeeding group were higher than those in the artificial feeding group （68.41 ± 2.31cm, 68.25 ± 2.39cm and 68.06 ±2.41cm; 8.33 ±0.99kg, 8.18 ± 1.01kg and 8.07 ±0.98kg） , and there were significant differences in body length, body weight and rates of supper-mean length/weight among the three groups by analysis of variance （for body length： F = 36.71, P 〈 0.05 ; for body weight ： F = 34.54, P 〈 0.05 ; for super-mean body length ： X2 = 11. 940, P = 0.03 ; for super-mean body weight：x2 = 7. 105, P = 0.029）. At one year of age, there were no significant statistical differences in body length and body weight and rates of super- mean body length and body weight among the three groups （76.31 ± 2.33cm, 76.28 ± 2.35cm and 76.19 ± 2.43cm, F = 19.31, P 〉 0.05 ; 10.32 ± 1.36kg, 10.41 ± 1.38kg and 10.43 ± 1.36kg, F = 18.89, P 〉 0.05）. The incidence of ＂four common infantile diseases＂ of infants in exclusive breastfeeding group was significantly lower than artificial feeding group and partial breastfeeding group（x2= 22.398, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Breastfeeding is an optimal feeding pattern for infants and it can reduce incedence of ＂four common infantile diseases＂. In case of absence of breastmilk ,formula milk powder is an ideal choice.