深水钻井技术进展与展望

Progress and outlook of deepwater drilling technologies

深水钻井指作业水深大于400 m而小于1500 m的海洋钻井作业。为减少甚至避免深水钻井中由于地层破裂压力低、浅层流体入侵井筒、页岩不稳定性、天然气水合物问题、海底低温等引发的诸多严重钻井事故,总结了能够缓解部分钻井危险的深水钻井技术,例如:喷射下导管技术、动态压井技术、深水钻井液技术、随钻测井与随钻环空压力测量技术等。针对深水钻井新技术,包括无隔水管套管钻井技术、无隔水管钻井液回收技术、控制压力钻井技术等,分析并总结了各项新技术的应用优势和基本原理,以期为深水油气田勘探开发提供理论依据和现场应用指导。同时,还可为实现智能钻井提供相关的技术支撑。

Deepwater drilling technologies are adopted for offshore drilling under 400-1500 m deep water.In order to prevent or reduce serious drilling accidents resulting from low fracture pressure of formation,shallow formation fluids intrusion,unsteady shale rocks,hydrate blockage,or low temperature at seabed,etc.,a series of deepwater drilling technologies have been applied in practices including spraying casing running,dynamic fracturing,deepwater drilling fluids,logging while drilling,and annulus pressure measurement while drilling,etc.The outlook of new deepwater drilling technologies is also presented including casing drilling without risers,drilling fluids recovery without risers,and pressure controlling while drilling,and so on,by analyzing and summarizing their advantages and basic principles.In the end,this paper points out that the intelligent drilling will be an alternative technology in deepwater well drilling.