我国地下储气库价格机制研究

A discussion on the pricing mechanism of underground gas storage in China

为解决我国天然气供需的季节性短缺及应急调峰等问题,中石油及中石化正在主要长输管道和重要天然气产区,以及天然气消费中心附近加紧建设和规划建设一批天然气地下储气库。地下储气库投资巨大,运营成本较高,但我国天然气价格体系中还没有储气库价格科目及其定价机制,不利于我国地下储气库的建设与投资。为此,通过研究国外地下储气库价格机制,结合我国天然气价格改革目标和天然气市场实际,提出了建立我国地下储气库价格机制的必要性,设计了我国地下储气库价格机制,包括定价体制与机制、价格形式和收取方式等,并提出了实施办法。结论认为:我国储气库价格宜采用"成本加成法"制定,由国家发展和改革委员会管理和核准。考虑到我国天然气价格改革方向,我国储气库价格可暂不单独设立价格科目,而是通过实行"天然气季节差价",将储气库价格加进出厂价或管输费中,在每年的用气高峰季节对用户收取。

For solving the problems of seasonal shortage and emergency peak-shaving in domestic gas supply-demand system,the PetroChina and Sinopec are planning to build many underground gas storage facilities near the area of arterial long-distance pipelines,major gas fields,and gas consuming centers.However,these operators of underground gas storage in China will be challenged not only by a huge investment and a high operation cost,but by the unresolved matters that underground gas storage is still not included by the pricing list,not to mention its pricing mechanism,in domestic natural gas pricing system.In view of this,through a study of overseas pricing systems for underground gas storage,this paper puts forward,in combination with the targets of gas pricing reform and present status of gas market in China,the necessities of establishing a reasonable pricing system for underground gas storage.Moreover,this paper suggests that this reasonable pricing system include pricing system and mechanism,pricing list and charging ways,etc.,and some concrete measures be carried out.It is concluded that an Add-to-Cost method should be adopted for the Chinese pricing system of underground gas storage,which is to be examined and approved by the State Commission of Development and Reform.Allowing for a long-term goal of natural gas pricing reform in China,we suggest that instead of being an independent item of charge,underground gas storage should be temporarily charged by adopting the means of seasonal gas price fluctuations,i.e.,adding the charge of underground gas storage into the ex-factory price or the transportation cost,which is collected altogether from all the consumers in gas peaking seasons of each year.