漳河灌区农田氮磷淋失特性

Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus leaching losses from farmland in Zhanghe Irrigation District

进行农田土壤渗漏及伴随的N和P淋失的研究是十分重要的,这对于制定合理的水肥管理措施和保护人类的生存环境具有十分重要的意义.选取湖北省漳河灌区的水旱作物(水稻和玉米)作为研究对象,对两种作物在不同处理方式下土壤N和P渗漏淋失的规律及其主要影响因素进行了深入分析.试验结果表明:不同的土地利用方式的土壤有不同的特性,对N和P淋失影响显著;灌溉方式直接影响渗漏量,对N和P淋失有一定影响;在作物生育期的不同阶段,N和P淋失存在显著差异;不同的降雨条件和地形地势差异也会对N和P淋失产生一定影响.

The studies of farmland leakage and nitrogen and phosphorus leaching losses accompanied are necessary to rationally manage water and fertilizer resources and protect water environment. In this paper, the Zhanghe Irrigation District in Hubei Province is selected to conduct the field experiments, the laws and influencing factor of nitrogen and phosphorus leaching losses from two kinds of agricultural land use, i.e. paddy rice and corn, are analyzed. The results show that nitrogen and phosphorus leaching losses have different characteristics under different plant covers, irrigation activities, crop growing stages, rainfall conditions as well as topographies.