国内外油气回收技术的研究进展

Research Progress in Oil Vapor Recovery Technology Worldwide

油库运行过程中的油气排放主要发生在卸油、储油及收发油3个阶段,加油站的油气主要产生在卸油时的油气排放和加油时的油气逸出,车辆油气排放主要包括日间排放、运行排放以及加油排放。基于此,分析了对油库-加油站-车辆实施油气回收的重点部位。当前,油气回收技术主要有吸收法、吸附法、冷凝法、膜分离法和氧化燃烧法5种。国外在油气回收技术领域的研究探索已有50年的历史,并拥有一系列比较成熟的技术:油库油气回收装置通常基于活性炭吸附法或专用吸收剂吸收法建造而成;加油站油气回收系统包括独立回收处理和一级油气回收2种类型,主要采用冷凝法和膜分离法相关技术;车辆油气回收系统包括二级油气回收系统和车载油气回收系统(ORVR)2种。

During the operation process of tankfarm.vapor emission usually takes place in the three stages of unloading,storage and sending-receiving oil.The oil vapor in gas stations mainly comes from vapor emission during unloading and refueling of oil.While the oil emissions from vehicles usually come from the gas emissions in the daytime,travelling and refueling.Based on the above phenomena,the key locations of oil & gas recovery in oil products tank,gas station and vehicles are focused on.By far.there are 5 methods to recover oil & gas in total;that is,absorption,adsorption,condensation,membrane separation and oxidation combustion.History in oil & gas recovery research abroad is more than 50 years,and numerous relatively mature techniques can be seen as a result of the research.Conventionally,oil & gas recovery equipment for oil products tankfarm is designed based on activated carbon adsorption method or other special absorbent absorption process;the recovery equipment used in gas station is mainly based on condensation and membrane separation process for recycling the gas or oil independently or Class-Ⅰ vapor recovery system.While for vehicles,the recovery equipment is composed by Class-Ⅱ oil recovery system and car oil recovery system.