小学生身体攻击言语攻击发展趋势追踪研究

Longitudinal Study on Physical and Verbal Aggression Among Pupils

目的了解小学生身体攻击、言语攻击的发展趋势,为心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用班级戏剧问卷和同伴提名方法收集资料,选取呼和浩特小学二年级学生为研究对象,连续追踪观察4 a。采用SPSS 16.0进行统计分析。结果男生的身体攻击从二到三年级有下降趋势,三到六年级保持平稳;女生的身体攻击从二到三年级有上升趋势,三到六年级保持平稳。身体攻击在二年级时男生显著高于女生,三至六年级男、女生之间差异无统计学意义。言语攻击不存在年级和性别差异。同一年级学生的身体攻击与言语攻击之间差异无统计学意义。早期表现出高攻击行为的女生在后期仍有稳定的攻击行为出现;早期的身体攻击能预测后期的身体攻击和言语攻击,早期的言语攻击能预测后期的身体攻击。结论男、女生身体攻击发展趋势不同,言语攻击发展趋势无差异。早期表现出高攻击行为的女生在后期攻击行为一直比较稳定,早期的身体攻击比言语攻击对后期攻击行为的预测力更强。

Objective To investigate the growth of physical and verbal aggression, and to provide evidence for the mental health education. Methods By using Class Play Inventory and Peer Nomination, 288 children of grade two were used to collect data for 4 years and SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze data. Results The boys＂ physical aggression declined significantly from grade two to three and maintained stable from grade three to six; The girls＇physical aggression raised significantly from grade two to three and maintained stable from grade three to six. There were significant differences between boys and girls in physical aggression at grade two, and there were no significant differences between boys and girls in physical ag- gression from grade three to six. There were no significant differences between boys and girls, between ages in verbal aggression. There were no signif- icant differences between physical and verbal aggression at the same age. There were relationships between early and late aggressive behaviors. Con- clusion The development trend of physical aggression between boys and girls are different and the developmental trend of verbal aggression between boys and girls are same. Girls early heavy aggressive behaviors would be stable in middle childhood. Physical aggression predicts late aggressive behaviors more than verbal aggression.