蜡梅科的分类及地理分布与演化

Taxonomy Geographical Distribution and Evolution of Calycanthaceae

该文叙述了蜡梅科的分类及地理分布与演化．蜡梅科分为３属９种２变种，列出了科内分属及属内分种检索表．认为蜡梅科是一个较原始的科．美国蜡梅属Ｃａｌｙｃａｎｔｈｕｓ、夏蜡梅属Ｓｉｎｏｃａｌｙｃａｎｔｈｕｓ和蜡梅属Ｃｈｉｍｏｎａｎｔｈｕｓ是北美和东亚间断分布相对应的３个属．根据蜡梅科代表种的解剖学、花粉形态、传粉昆虫、胚胎发育、细胞学及化学成分的研究，作者认为蜡梅科中蜡梅属是本科最进化的属，美国蜡梅属是最原始的属，夏蜡梅则介于二属之间．在蜡梅属内演化趋势是从常绿到落叶，花被片明显的分化及内花被片无爪到有爪．因此认为西南蜡梅Ｃｈ．ｃａｍｐａｎｕｌａｔｕｓ在本属中最原始，而蜡梅Ｃｈ．

This paper described the taxonomy,geographical distribution and evolution of Calycanthaceae. In the family it was subdivided into 9 species and 2 varieties belonging to 3 genera .The identification keys for genera in family and for species in each genus were given. Calycanthaceae is an old family. Calycanthus, Sinocalycanthus and Chimonanthus are the corresponding genera which disjointedly distribut in the North America and the East Asia. Based on the features of morphology, anatomy, cytology, pollinating insects, embryogenesis and chemistry of representing species,the authors considered that in this family Chimonanthus may be the most advanced, Calycanthus the more primitive, and Sinocalycanthus the intermediate. Within Chimonanthus the evolutionary trend is assumed from evergreen to deciduous,from undifferentiated tepals to clearly differentiated, and from elauless tepals to clawed ones. In considering all features,we should regard Ch. campanulatus as the most primitive, and Ch. praecox the most advanced species within the genus.