中国对虾与缢蛏投饵混养的实验研究

Experimental Studies on Polyculture of Chinese Shrimp with Constricted Tagelus

在４ 个５０ ｍ × ５０ ｍ ×１８ ｍ 的陆基围隔中分别放入缢蛏 （ Ｓｉｎｏｎｏｖａｃｕｌａ ｃｏｎｓｔｒｉｃｔａ） ０ ，２５０ ， ３７５ 和５００ 只（ ０ ， １０ ，１５ 和２０ 只／ ｍ ２） ， 壳长为 ５４０ ｃｍ ±０３５ ｃ ｍ ， 再放入等量 （６ 尾／ ｍ ２） 的中国对虾 （ Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ） ， 体长为２８５ ｃｍ ±０１６ ｃ ｍ 。投饵饲养３ 个月结果表明， 缢蛏放养密度为２０ 只／ ｍ ２ 时， 对虾的成活率 （７４０ ％ ） 和产量 （４１３６ ｋｇ／ｈ ｍ ２） 最高， 分别比单养对虾的成活率（６５０ ％ ） 和产量 （３０５４ ｋｇ／ｈ ｍ ２） 高１３８ ％ 和３５４ ％ ， 氮的绝对利用率提高了５３ ％ 。缢蛏密度为１０ 只／ ｍ ２ 时， 其成活率和产量最高， 为９０４ ％ 和３１６ ｋｇ／ｈ ｍ ２ ； 密度为２０ 只／ ｍ ２ 时， 降至 ７８２ ％ 和９２ ｋｇ／ｈ ｍ ２。本系统中对虾的生产潜力为１２４ ｇ／ （ ｍ ２·ｄ） ， 缢蛏的极限配养量为１５００ ｋｇ／ｈ ｍ ２ 左右。

Optimum stocking performance, and productivity of the intensive polyculture of Chinese shrimp (\%Penaeus chinensis\% Osbeck) with constricted tagelus (\%Sinonovacula constricta\% (Lamarck)) were studied with four land based enclosures of each 5 0 m×5 0 m×1 8 m set in a 1 7 hm\+2 seawater pond The constricted tagelus juveniles (5 40cm± 0 35cm in shell length) were stocked into the enclosures with 6 0 Chinese shrimp juveniles/m\+2 at a rate of 0, 10, 15 and 20/m\+2 and reared for 138 days The shrimp were fed with pelleted feed (45% of crude protein) The final body length (8 80 cm), body weight (8 43 g), suruival rate (74 0%) and yield (413 6 kg/hm\+2) of the shrimp were 1 6%, 7 7%,13 8% and 35 4% higher in the enclosure in which the constricted tagelus was stocked at a rate of 20 clams/m\+2 than those in the enclosure stocked at 0 clam/m\+2, respectively In the enclosure at 10 clams/m\+2, the survival rate and net yield of the constricted tagelus were 90 4% and 316 kg/hm\+2, respectively As the stocking density of the constricted tagelus increased to 20 clams/m\+2, survival rate and net yield of the constricted tagelus reduced to 78 3% and 92 kg/hm\+2, respectively In the experimental conditions, productivity of the pond for Chinese shrimp was 1 24 g/(m\+2·d) and the optimum stocking density of the constricted tagelus with shell length of 2～3 cm was 500 000～600 000 clams/hm\+2 The ecological role of the constricted tagelus in the polyculture system was discussed