高坝泄洪雾雨的强度和雾流分布范围研究进展

Advance on Research of Rainfall Intensity of Flood Discharge Atomization and Distribution Scope of Atomized Flow

在水利枢纽附近一定范围内形成的雾化雨现象是高坝泄洪时不可避免的,雾雨不仅影响枢纽建筑物正常运行、交通安全、周围环境,还对大坝下游一定范围内的岸坡稳定性构成了直接的威胁.泄洪雾化流是一种很复杂的水-气和气-水的两相流,对它的研究涉及到很多方面,就实际工程而言,对泄洪水雾强度和分布范围的描述是其中的一个重点研究对象,其直接关系到工程的安全.本文总结多年来我国进行泄洪雾化研究的发展历程、泄洪雾化机理的认识、在对泄洪雾化机理认识的基础上,综述了学者们对泄洪雾化分布范围和强度的研究进展、分别评述了每种方法的优势和不足.从宏观的认识到定量的分析计算,对这一研究已经迈出了非常重要的一步,但由于泄洪雾化的复杂性,还难以给出准确的定量结果.随着研究的深入,泄洪雾化的研究成果会更加的深刻.

The atomized rain phenomenon in the vicinity of hydraulic engineering is inevitable during the high dam flood discharge.The atomized rain not only affects the normal operation of the hydraulic projects,traffic safety and surrounding environment,but also the slope stability within the scope of dam downstream.Flood discharge fogging flow is a very complex two-phase flow of water-gas and gas-water,which involves a lot of research,but for the actual project,the engineers most concerned about is that the description of atomized rain＇s distribution scope and rain intensity.This paper summed up the development process of atomization study for many years and the atomization mechanism.based on the understanding to mechanism of atomized rain,this paper is from the three methods of prototype observations,the physical model test and numerical calculation to overview of the scholars on the research process of atomized rain＇s distribution scope and rain intensity;and at the same time,reviewed each method＇s advantages and shortcomings.Finally,we gained that it should be from a scientific point of view,quantitative research,besides from a macro perspective recognition.as the complexity of flood discharge atomization itself,and current scholars＇ understanding to it is limited,with the construction of high dam and the research on flood discharge atomization will more deep.