基于FPGA的实时空中目标跟踪系统设计与实现

Design and Implement of Real-Time Aerial Target Tracking System Based on FPGA

针对民航机场及周边空域安全管理的需求和雷达监视存在盲区易受干扰的缺点,设计了一种基于FPGA的实时空中目标跟踪系统.针对空中目标的特点,采用灰度图像的帧间差分法进行目标检测,自适应双阈值进行目标分割,形心跟踪法进行目标跟踪,达到25帧/s的实时处理速度;算法通过设置跟踪区域和目标锁定点,排除了干扰的影响,提高了系统跟踪能力;采用形心坐标的脱靶量作为云台调整参数,依据分割目标像素大小在跟踪过程中进行了自动变焦控制;采用IDE接口硬盘作为存储介质,FAT32文件系统作为图像存储形式来记录实时图像.外场实验表明,系统工作稳定,跟踪算法简单实用,可辅助雷达系统对飞机起降及机场空域移动目标进行跟踪监视.

Aimed at the requirements of airport and its peripheral airspace safety management of civil aviation and the shortcoming of the existence of blind spots vulnerable to interference of radar tracking,the paper designs a FPGA-based real-time aerial target tracking system.According to the characteristics of the aerial targets,the image with gray frame difference method for target detection,adaptive dual-threshold for target segmentation,centroid tracking method for target tracking,the system achieves up to 25 frames/s real-time processing speed.The impacts of interference are excluded and the tracking capabilities are improved by setting the track area and targeting algorithm.Then,the miss distance in the centroid coordinates is served as the tilt control parameters.According to the value of pixels of the divided target,automatic zoom control is employed during the tracking process.With IDE interface hard disk as storage medium,the FAT32 file system acts as image storage format to record the real-time image.Field experiments show that the system is stable,the tracking algorithm is simple and practical.It is used to assist radar tracking system in tracking and monitoring while airplane is taking off and landing and while there exists airport peripheral moving target.