1005例白癜风患者遗传因素的调查

Genetic analysis of 1005 patients with vitiligo

目的 探讨白癜风患者发病过程中遗传因素所起的作用.方法 采用问卷调查方法收集1997年9月至2009年3月于我科门诊就诊的1005例白癜风确诊患者的临床资料,应用SPSS 13.0软件对所得数据进行统计学分析.结果 本调查的1005例白癜风先证者中,有家族史者206例,占20.5%.家族史阳性者的平均发病年龄（24.45±15.87岁）比家族史阴性者（28.12±16.88岁）小（P＜0.05）.家族史阳性者皮损双侧分布的比例比家族史阴性者高（71.3%比60.8%）（P＜0.05）.家族史阳性者以B型血居多（19.9%）,家族史阴性者以O型血居多（16.8%）（P＞0.05）.结论 ①白癜风的发病符合多基因遗传规律,具有家族聚集性,且血缘关系愈近,其发病率愈高.②白癜风的发病与性别无关.③家族史阳性者的平均发病年龄较家族史阴性者小,父系或母系遗传对发病年龄无影响.④家族史阳性者皮损双侧分布的比例较家族史阴性者高,而对其他临床表现无影响.

Objective To evaluate the role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Methods A questionnaire survey was performed to collect clinical data on 1005 cases of vitiligo in Beijing Hospital from September 1997 to March 2009. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS 13.0 software. Results There were 206 （20.5%） patients with positive family history among the 1005 cases of vitiligo. The mean age at onset was younger and bilateral vitiligo lesions were more frequently observed in patients with positive family history than those without （24.45 ± 15.87 years vs 28.12 ± 16.88 years, 71.3% vs 60.8%, both P 〈 0.05）. Blood type B predominated among patients with positive family history （19.9%）, while blood type O among those without （ 16.8% ）, and no statistical difference was noted in the distribution of blood type between the two groups of patients （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions ①The incidence of vitiligo accords with the rules of polygenic inheritance and shows a familial aggregation, and the closer the blood relationship, the higher the incidence of vitiligo.②The incidence of vitiligo seems unrelated to sex. ③The mean age at onset is younger in patients with positive family history than those without, but appears unaffected by paternal or maternal inheritance. ④Patients with positive family history show a higher frequency of bilateral distribution of vitiligo lesions, but no difference in other clinical manifestions from patients without.