北宋官窑研究现状的省思

Reflection on the Present Situation of Research into Guan Yao of the Northern Song Dynasty

本文从研究史的角度回顾了历来北宋官窑的研究情况。指出有关北宋官窑建置的宋代文献只有两笔,而宋元时期的汝窑记事亦仅十余则。其次,与北宋官窑相关的瓷窑考古,则包括河南宝丰清凉寺窑和汝州市张公巷窑。在这样窘困的条件之下,当今学界有关北宋官窑的种种推论和比附,其实无一说可予证实或证伪。宋元时期文献所见汝窑是否即今日所俗称的汝窑?已难实证。将传世的一群优质青瓷命定为汝窑,且留下图像可供检验的最早案例是十八世纪的乾隆皇帝,问题是,影响及今日的乾隆皇帝之判定是否正确无误?同样无从证明。

This paper reviews the researches into Guan Yao (kilns or wares) of the Northern Song dynasty from the perspective of history study,pointing out that there remain few records in Song files about the establishment of the Guan kiln of the Northern Song dynasty while ten more writings referring to Ru Yao (kiln or wares) of Song & Yuan periods.Secondly,there are two porcelain kilns involved in the archaeological studies on the Northern-Song Guan kilns,one is Qingliangsi Yao (kiln) in Baofeng,Henan;the other is Zhanggongxiang Yao (kiln) in Ruzhou,Henan respectively.Thirdly,there are many suggestions and deductions as to the Guan kilns of the Northern Song dynasty among the academic world,but none of them are convincing enough to verify or disprove the cases concerned.Moreover,is the Ru Yao in the records of Song & Yuan periods the so-called Ru Yao today? It was Emperor Qianlong (乾隆 ) who first judged a collection of celadon wares with higher quality as Ru wares along with the corresponding pictures to the articles by the 18th century,yet there is no way by far to verify whether or not he made a correct judgment of the wares.