紫胶园异质性栖境下的蚂蚁共存机制

Coexistence mechanism of ant community in lac plantation under habitat heterogeneity

为了弄清紫胶园中蚂蚁群落共存的机制,在云南省墨江县雅邑乡紫胶园中调查了蚂蚁群落组成、蚂蚁发现及掌握食物资源的能力,并探讨了蚂蚁身体大小与其在不同栖境类型中发现食物能力的相关性.紫胶园中共存的6种主要蚂蚁类群为飘细长蚁、粗纹举腹蚁、立毛举腹蚁、黑可可臭蚁、邻居多刺蚁和巴瑞弓背蚁.6种蚂蚁头宽(x)与后足长(y)呈异速生长关系,其回归方程为y=0.56+1.02x+5.97x2-10.85x3.不同种类蚂蚁在不同的栖境中发现食物资源的实际次数和相对次数均存在显著差异,但其实际掌握食物资源的次数无显著差异.头宽、身体大小指数大的蚂蚁发现简单栖境中食物资源的能力强,头窄、后足短、身体大小指数小的蚂蚁发现复杂栖境中食物资源的能力强.栖境的异质性使蚂蚁共存,身体较小的蚂蚁生活于复杂栖境中,身体较大者则生活于简单栖境中;数量占优势的蚂蚁类群不能占据所有资源,从而给其他种类蚂蚁获得资源的机会,实现共存.

In order to reveal the coexistence mechanism of ant community in lac plantation,an investigation was made on the ant community composition and the ability of ant species in discovering and holding food resources in a lac plantation in Yayi Town of Mojiang County,Yunnan Prov-ince,with the relationships between ant body size and its ability of finding food under habitat heterogeneity probed.There were six dominant ant species in the plantation,i.e.,Tetraponera all-aborans（Walker）,Crematogaster macaoensis Wheeler,Crematogaster ferrarii Emery,Dolichoderus thoracicus（Smith）,Polyrhachis proxima Roger,and Camponotus parius Emery.The hind leg length（y） of the six ant species increased allometrically with their head width（x）,and the regression equation was y = 0.56 ＋ 1.02x ＋ 5.97x^2-10.85x^3.Different ant species had significant differences in their actual and relative frequency in discovering food resources in different habitats,but habitat type had no significant effects on the actual frequency in holding food resources by the ant species.The ant species with bigger head width and bigger body size index could discover more food resources in simple habitat.In contrast,the ant species with smaller head width,shorter hind leg length,and smaller body size index could discover more food resources in complex habitat.The heterogeneity of habitat caused the coexistence of ants： the smaller ant species lived in complex habitat,while the larger ones lived in simple habitat.In addition,numerically dominant ant species were unable to possess all resources,and thereby,could provide the opportunity to other ant species for resources acquisition,making the species coexistence come true.