明代屯田下的黔中精神文化

Cultrue Ideological Culture of Central Guizhou Under the Policy of Wasteland Reclamation in Ming Dynasty

明代,贵州建省,黔中地域发生了历史上从未有过的变化。大量军队留屯使贵州社会得到稳定,徙民屯田缓解了贵州地广人稀的突出矛盾,募盐商在卫所附近设商屯改变了贵州封闭落后的社会经济。随着社会经济的发展,儒学教育兴起,科举选士制度得以广泛推行,涌现出许多刚正清廉的土著官员。随着知识阶层的扩大,也涌现出许多土著的诗人和散文家。佛教、道教在黔中地域传播的范围扩大,出现了许多佛寺名山和有名的道观。黔中地域在教育和文化方面初步繁荣起来,为今日的屯堡留下了迷人的遗韵流风。

Guizhou was set up as a province in Ming Dynasty and witnessed unprecedented changes in its central area： the society was stabilized as a result of the army＇s staying and opening up the wasteland; the sparse population in the area was gradually increased by the policy of local people＇s reclaiming; and the feudal and backward economy was improved by the practice of the salt merchants ＇ exchanging salt with the farmers＇ products. With the developing of social economy, Confucianism education, featuring Chinese imperial civil examinations, is widely practiced and gave rise to many upright and honorable local officials, and many local poets and essayists emerged as a result of the expanding intelligentsia. Famous Buddhist mountains and Taoist temples came into being with the spreading of Buddhism and Taoism to a wider extent. The flourishing ancient heritage in education and culture of that period sheds light on today＇s Tunpu and its charming scenery of humanities.