基于能值理论的贵州省生态经济系统分析

Emergy-based ecological economic characteristics in Guizhou Province

运用能值理论和方法,详细分析了贵州省1992—2008年生态经济发展状况。对其环境负载率、废弃物能值比率、能值-货币比率、人均能值用量、能值使用强度、电力能值使用量比、能值投入率、净能值产出率、能值自给率、人口承载力等指标进行了研究,并与其他地区的有关指标进行了比较研究。结果表明:贵州省生态经济发展主要依赖于本地资源,输出能值中仍以原材料输出为主,缺乏深加工和高附加值的产品。环境负荷率由1992年的2.15上升到2008年的3.82之间,表明贵州省环境和资源系统的负荷率在增大。能值-货币比呈现下降趋势,其值在3.82×1013sej/$到2.47×1013sej/$之间,下降的主要原因是由于贵州省的GDP增长较快造成的,受总能值使用量和人口数量的制约,人均能值使用量在13.6×1015sej和11.4×1015sej之间波动。能值使用强度呈上升趋势,其值在1.07×1011sej和1.57×1011sej之间,说明贵州对省内资源利用的不断增强。电力能值使用量比呈上升趋势,这与贵州省加快水电资源开发有关。能值投入率由1992年的0.049上升到2008年的0.107。净能值产出率非匀速下降,在25.3—10.9之间变动,此值高于新疆、四川、甘肃的净能值产出。能值自给率呈现一种波动状态,其比例从1992年的95.7%下降到2008年的88.6%。

This study carried out a detailed analysis for ecological economic development of Guizhou Province between 1992 and 2008 using emergy theory and methods.a systematic analysis was conducted for some indicators such as environmental loading ratio,waste emergy ratio,emergy dollar ratio,emergy consumption density per capital,emergy density,power consumption quantity,Emergy investment ratio,net emergy yield ratio,emergy self-sufficiency ratio,population carrying capacity and a comparative study was made for these indicators among several typical provinces in Chinese western regions.The result showed that the ecological economic development is mainly dependent on local resources,and its need for purchase emergy is comparatively small,Its pattern of economy was mainly an output type of raw materials,lacking intensive processing capacity and outputs of high added-value products.Environmental loading ratio rose from 2.15 in 1992 to 3.41 in 2008 that indicates the loading ratio of environment and resources system increased.The changes in waste energy ratio between 1992-2008 indicated that its a great declining trend.Emergy dollar ratio declined with its value between 3.82×1013sej/＄ and 2.47×1013sej/＄,which was mainly caused by fast-speed increase of GDP in Guizhou Province,showing that Guizhou Province has a weak economic base and a low level of economic development.Affected by the constraints of total energy use amount and population size,the per capita emergy consumption is fluctuating between 13.6×1015sej and 11.4×1015sej.The per capita emergy consumption is lower than that of Tibet and higher than that of other provinces.Emergy density increased between 1992 and 2008,its value was between 1.07×1011sej and 1.57×1011sej that indicated a rise of the strength of resources utilization.Energy use intensity is higher than world average level but lower than that of eastern coastal provinces,showing a underdeveloped level of Guizhou′s economy.Fraction of emergy used from electricity in Guizhou Province increased annually,and greatly increased especially at the beginning of 2000,showing that the improvement for development of water power resources in Guizhou Province was made.Emergy investment ratio rose from 0.049 of 1992 to 0.107 of 2008,its emergy investment ratio was generally lower than that of Jiangsu,Jiangxi,and is much lower than the world average level and that in in other developed regions during the same periods.The net emergy yield ratio between 1992 and 2008 decreased heterogeneously that fluctuated between 25.3 and 10.9,which was higher than that of Xinjiang,Sichuan and Gansu.There is a little change in the upper limit and lower limit of population carrying capacity in Guizhou Province during the studying periods.Energy self-sufficiency ratio in Guizhou shows a fluctuating trend,and its values decreased from 95.7% in 1992 to 88.6% in 2008.