景观表征权力与地方文化演替的关系——以北京前门—大栅栏商业区景观改造为例

THE RELATION OF LANDSCAPE REPRESENTATION POWER AND LOCAL CULTURE SUCCESSION ——A Case Study of Landscape Changing in an Old Commercial District of Beijing

城市内部各个地方的景观是其文化的可视载体,由于它们具有空间的相对固定性,因此也是文化地理学研究地方文化的主要观察对象。本文采纳新文化地理学的观点,即关注北京前门—大栅栏商业区景观的意义及其变化,并力图挖掘影响这些变化的动力,进而揭示影响地方文化演变的动力。文化景观具有传播文化符号的功能,因此我们可以将之视为"文本"。在商业区改建过程中,设计建造者借助这些文本,再度表达出其背后的意义,这种再度表达的过程就是传播学中的表征,也称为再现。本研究通过景观调查方法以及访谈方法,分析了该传统商业区景观在改造前后文化表征的变化,以及表征权力的变化。本文结论有三方面:①该商业区改造后新的景观表征多以北京文化符号替代了老商业区的文化符号。②这种替代的负面结果是不利于加强老商业区居民的地方认同,同时削弱了城市内部文化的多元性。③政府协同规划师在景观表征上具有绝对的权力,一定程度上破坏了当地文化的"原真性"。因此本文建议在老城区改造中,尽力挖掘地方独特文化,给予当地人更多的文化表征权力。

Various local landscapes within a city are carrying the culture of the city. Fixing to the space, the lo- cal landscapes become the main research object of local culture in the fieldwork of cultural geographers. Keeping path with new cultural geography, this paper tries to interpret the meaning of the landscapes in Qian- men-Dashila Commercial District, which is a traditional one in Beijing and was transformed two years ago. The authors try to find out the mechanism of the local culture succession. Cultural landscapes have the func- tion of cultural symbols. They could be regarded as text. Architects take them to show some meanings. This process is cultural representation. This article recorded the change of the landscapes after the renewal of this district by observation and interview, and the change of cultural representation power. Three conclusions come out. The first is that the cultural symbols of Beijing replaced the traditional and local symbols of the tra- ditional commercial district by the transformation. The second is that the effect of this transformation is not conducive to strengthening the local cultural identity of the local people, and it also weakens the cultural di- versity of a city. The third is the government and planners have overwhelming power of landscape representa- tion. To some extent it reduces the authenticity of the local culture. The authors claim that the best way is to find out its unique local culture and give the local people more power of cultural representation in a renewal of a traditional district