郊区新城发展与大城市空间结构调整:松江案例

SUBURBAN NEW TOWN DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE METROPOLIS SPATIAL STRUCTURE: A CASE STUDY OF SONGJIANG, SHANGHAI

目前,我国正处在城市化快速推进阶段,为突破既有城市结构对城市发展的束缚,缓解中心城区的人口、就业、交通、环境等压力,优化城市经济结构,许多城市正在积极拓展新的发展空间,大城市地区的新城建设更是如火如荼。上海自早期的卫星城建设开始,到近期的"一城九镇",再到最近的"1966"城镇体系规划建设框架,一直试图通过郊区城镇的建设和发展来疏解中心城区的巨大压力。特别是最近10年,松江作为上海大都市郊区重要城镇的规划建设,对突破上海中心城区"一核独强"的空间结构所产生的影响在新城建设中颇具典型的意义。本文试图通过松江新城"次核"发育、松江新城的城市功能演化、松江新城人居环境建设三个方面的剖析,探讨新城建设与城市空间结构演化的互动关系,以在宏观上更好地认识和把握新城对城市发展的影响,以期对上海或国内其他大都市区郊区其他新城的建设和多中心城市空间格局的形成有所裨益。

While the rapid urbanization is now undergoing in China, lots of cities are actively expanding their new territorial space in order to break through the constrain of the existing spatial structure to urban development, release the high pressure on population, employment, traffic and environment in city center and rationalize the urban structure. The new towns constructions are growing vigorously in many metropolitan areas. As the biggest city in China, Shanghai has always tried to build some suburban towns in order to reduce the denser status of the city center since 1950s. Especially, in the last decade, as one of the suburban satellite city in Shanghai since 1950s, the construction of Songjiang is paid more attentions by the Shanghai municipality govemment and it brings impacts on the spatial structure of city center. Taking Songjiang as a case study, this paper explores the mutual relation between the new town development and spatial structure adjustment through the following aspects： （1） the evolution of the Songjiang sub-center; （2） the urban function changes in Songjiang; and （3） the construction of human habitat environment of Songjiang. The author finds that the philosophic idea is one of the most important factors for the suburban new town planning, construction or de- velopment; the continuously supporting, either policy or funding from government is the key factor to the rapid development of suburban town; the change from suburban administrative center to urban fictional cen- ter is the realistic basis for the realization of the suburban new town planning targets and the adjustment of spatial structure for the metropolitan area. Finally, the author put forward suggest for the development of the multi-central cities and the new cities around metropolitan areas.