试析冷战后美俄地缘政治空间竞争

PROBE INTO THE POST-COLD WAR AMERICAN-RUSSIAN RELATIONS FROM THE GEOPOLITICAL PERSPECTIVE

冷战结束以来,美俄间以主权国家利益为核心的地缘政治竞争一直在进行着。美俄间的地缘政治空间之争主要表现在美国主导下的北约东扩和在独联体地区的渗透。而俄罗斯为了防止其在欧亚大陆战略生存空间被挤压和近邻地区被分化,采取了一系列的反对、抵制措施,以防地缘政治空间被进一步削弱并力图为俄罗斯未来重新崛起保留一定的地缘政治空间。作为战略博弈优势方的美国的地缘政治政策主导着美俄关系演进的进程和张力。

In the wake of the Cold War and with the emergence of new SeiTech Revolution in the 90s of 20th century, voices for the coming age of the Globalization have been risen now and then. People cheer for ＂the ending of nation states＂, aspire to embrace the harmonious world brought by globalization, but happen to comprehend that Nation states remain the most important actors in the international community and sovereign states as units, instead of degenerating into ＂municipality＂ or ＂local government＂, never for a while cease their disputes and conflicts over national interests. The paper inquires, in the increasingly deep globalization, the issue of American-Russian competition for geopolitical sphere with the national interests at the core. First, NATO＇s Eastward Expansion. NATO has so far conducted two rounds of expansion, with 10 countries as its new members and with its defense pressing hard on the Russian territory. The third round of enlargement is being schemed and aimed at CIS countries. Second, American penetration in the ＂Post-Soviet Space＂. Ever since the 9.11 attack, America has engaged itself in the war on terror in Afghanistan and stationed army in Central Asia, in which America intents to build permanent military bases and stock lasting troops even after the war. Meanwhile America has plotted a series of ＂Color Revolution＂ to prop up Pro-US regimes in CIS. Russia, on the weak side of the strategic confrontation, has strengthened the Russia-oriented regional integration, while acting aggressively and actively to tackle the American expansion and penetration, such as, sending troops to fight the pro-US Georgia, deploying a missile system in Riga, and developing military cooperation with anti-US countries in Latin America. America gains an upper hand in the competition and leads the advancing and tension of American-Russian relations. Apparently, with the measures taken step by step, American is intended to inhibit the future Russian strategic sphere, to alienate the potential Russian strategic allies and to prevent the re-emergence of Russia to challenge U.S. hegemony.