旅游地居民对旅游影响感知研究综述及中外研究比较

A REVIEW AND COMPARISON BETWEEN THE LOCAL RESIDENTS PERCEPTIONS OF TOURISM INFLUENCES IN CHINA AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES

随着旅游业迅速发展,旅游影响研究逐渐成为研究热点,而基于居民感知视角的旅游影响研究是当前主要研究范式。本文对1995—2008年之间相关文献进行分类和统计,从文献数量变化、研究指标、研究地、研究方法、作者分布等进行中外对比分析。分析旅游影响研究在指标选取、研究方法和研究地域等方面的总体特征及国内和国外研究的特征,以分析旅游影响研究的主要内容和中外差异特征,并基于分析的结果,对国内未来的研究提出一些建议。

With the rapid development of tourism, tourism impact is becoming hot topic, which is mainly from the perspective of residents＇ perception. This paper reviews the researches on local residents＇ perceptions of tourism influences and compares the influences between china and foreign countries. The classification and the statistical methods are adopted. Through comparative analysis of relative literature between 1995-2008, comparing the number of the literatures, the research index, research sites, research methods and geographical distribution of the authors, the authors find that （1） the studies on tourism influence is concerned earlier in foreign countries than that in China where the researchers has increasingly paid much attention to this filed in recent years. （2） Regarding to the index selection, both foreign and Chinese researchers are interested in work opportunities, crime, improved living standards. Chinese researchers tend to select index of economic impact, and foreign researchers tend to choose the indexes related to local residents, and indicator about influence of tourism on the quality of life of local residents. The statistics show that residents＇ perception about the positive impact of tourism is stronger than negative impact of tourism. From the view of research methods, Chinese researchers mainly use basic statistical methods to study the tourism impact. For study sites, both the foreign and Chinese researchers focus on urban type and scenic resort. In the perspective of characteristics of local tourism resources, the Chinese researchers mainly choose historical and cultural destination to make a study, while the foreign researchers like to choose costal and island destination for the most part to study. Because of the essential characteristics of the impact of tourism on the environment and the differences in the environment oftouism destinations, three indicators are used frequently including pollution, congestion and garbage. For the distribution of the researchers, foreign researchers are mainly in the United States, Britain, and Canada.