细胞色素P450 19基因与性激素依赖性疾病

The Progression on the Relationship Between Cytochrome P450 19 and Sexhormone Dependence Diseases

芳香化酶P450(P450arom)是雌激素合成过程中,雄烯二酮和睾酮分别转化为雌酮和雌二醇的限速酶,存在于全身多种组织中,如卵巢、脂肪、肾上腺。细胞色素P45019基因(CYP19基因)是P450arom的编码基因,其组织特异性表达决定了P450arom在各组织中发挥不同的生理或病理作用。CYP19基因功能亢进导致其产物P450arom增多,与许多雌激素依赖性疾病如子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜异位症和乳腺癌的发生发展有关;CYP19基因功能不足,引起上游底物即雄激素堆积,该现象可在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)中观察到。综述CYP19基因的结构特性、调节机制及其与雌激素依赖性疾病和PCOS的关系,同时展望此类疾病的基础研究和临床治疗。

Aromatase cytochrome p450,encoded by the Cytochrome P450 19 （CYP19） gene,is a key enzyme in estradiol biosynthesis,which catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione and testosterone to estrone and estradiol,respectively.P450arom exists in many normal tissues such as ovary,fat and adrenal gland.The CYP19 gene codes for aromatase.Its tissue specificity determines the physical or pathological effects of P450arom in different tissues.The hyperfunction of CYP19 gene leads to the increase of its product P450arom,which induces occurrence and development in many estrogen dependent diseases such as endometrial carcinoma,endometriosis,breast cancer;the insufficiency of CYP19 gene leads to the accumulation of its upper substrate androgen,which can be observed in polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）.Now summarize the structure,adjusting mechanisms of CYP19 and the relationship between CYP19 and estrogen dependent diseases,PCOS.Meanwhile put forward prospects towards basic researches and clinic treatments of these dieases.