中药复方对夏季肉牛的影响:Ⅰ.育肥性能、生理指标及血清激素水平和酶活性

Effect of Chinese Medicine Prescription on Beef Cattle in Summer:Ⅰ. Finishing Performance,Physiological Parameters,Serum Hormone Level and Enzymatic Activity

为研究中药复方对处于热应激状态中的肉牛育肥性能、生理指标及血清激素水平和酶活性的影响,选择18头月龄相近、体型结构相似、体质量300kg左右的健康西门塔尔与本地黄牛杂交的二代公牛,采用单因子完全随机试验设计,将18头牛随机分为3个组,1个对照组和2个处理组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础日粮,2个处理组分别在基础日粮上给每头牛日喂0.2kg复方Ⅰ和复方Ⅱ(由藿香、苍术、黄柏和石膏等中药按不同比例组成)。试验以三峡库区夏季湿热环境为热应激源,时间为2009年7月1日到9月8日,其中预饲期为10d,正式期为59d。结果表明,试验期试验牛饲养环境温湿指数平均为84.01,试验牛处于中度热应激状态,且遭受"湿偏重型"湿热证;2种复方均能改善肉牛育肥性能,降低肉牛呼吸频率和平均体温,具有抗热应激功效;2种复方均能降低肉牛血清促肾上腺皮质激素、醛固酮、皮质醇和胰高血糖素水平,提高血清生长激素、血清胰岛素、促甲状腺激素、三碘甲腺原氨酸、四碘甲腺原氨酸和瘦素水平;2种复方均能提高血清碱性磷酸酶和α-淀粉酶的活性,降低血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶的活性;复方Ⅰ对试验牛的作用效果优于复方Ⅱ。

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Chinese medicine prescription on the finishing performance,physiological parameters,serum hormone level and enzymatic activity of the beef cattle in the natural environment of heat stress.Eighteen healthy cattle with the similar age,conformation and weight（about 300 kg） which crossbred by Simmental bull and native cow had were randomly allotted into three groups.One group was the control group and the rest were the treating groups.There were six cattle in each group with six replicates and one cattle per replicate.The experiment was designed by single factor random arrangement.The cattle in the control group were fed the basal diet.And the cattle in the two treating groups were fed the basal diets with different Chinese medicine prescriptions supplied with 0.2 kg per day per cattle,such as prescriptionⅠand prescriptionⅡ,which composed of Herba Agastachis,Rhizoma Atractylodis,Cortex Phellodendri and Gypsum Fibrosunm with different proportions,as a kind of concentrate additive,respectively.The heat stress of the cattle could be caused by the moist heat environment in the Three-gorge Reservoir District in summer.The start-stop time of the experiment were from 1 July to 8 September in 2009.The duration of the preliminary experiment was 10 d and the duration of the formal experiment was 59 d.The results showed that the experimental cattle survived in the condition of the moderate heat stress and suffered the feeding environment of high humidity and high temperature the temperature humidity index in the experimental period was 84.01 averagely;every prescription could protect the experimental cattle from the hazard of heat stress by improving the finishing performance,decreasing breathing frequency and mean body temperature;every prescription could decrease the blood serum concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormore,aldosterone,corticosteroid and glucagon,and increase that of growth hormone,insulin,thyroid stimulating hormone,triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine;every prescription could increase the blood serum activity of alkaline phosphatase and α-amylase,and decrease that of glutamate-pyruvate and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase;in conclusion,the applied efficacy of the prescriptionⅠwas better than that of the prescriptionⅡwhen these prescriptions as a kind of feed additive prevented the heat stress.