利尿剂在三聚氰胺及三聚氰酸致大鼠急性肾损伤中的治疗作用

Effect of diuretic treatment on acute kidney injury induced by melamine and cyanuric acid in rats

目的 联合三聚氰胺与三聚氰酸灌胃造成大鼠急性肾损伤,观察利尿剂呋塞米的治疗作用.方法 将36只成年雄性SD大鼠随机平均分为3组,分别为A组（正常对照组）,灌胃2 ml蒸馏水,B组（模型组）,灌胃三聚氰胺（100 mg/kg）与三聚氰酸（100 mg/kg）,连续4 d,4 d后改为灌胃2ml蒸馏水,C组（治疗组）：前4 d与B组一样,4 d后为呋塞米（20 mg/kg）;第4天、第11天后各处死6只大鼠,观察大鼠肾脏病理,肾内结晶沉积评分情况、大鼠血和尿多项生化指标的变化.结果 在第4天时,B组和C组分别出现大鼠少尿[（3.39±1.02）ml、（3.20±0.86）ml]、高血肌酐[（153.54±27.08）μmol/L、（160.11±19.55）μmol/L]等急性肾损伤表现,并在肾内观察到三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐晶体.第11天与第4天时肾内结晶评分相比,B组减少了9.52%（P〉0.05）.C组减少了63.63%（P〈0.05）,第11天时,B组尿量[（8.57±1.66）m1]和C组尿量[（25.96±5.97）ml]分别较第4天时尿量[（3.39±1.02）ml、（3.20±0.86）ml]显著增加（P〈0.05）,其中C组[（25.96±5.97）ml]较B组[（8.57±1.66）ml]增加更明显（P〈0.05）;B组和C组血清肌酐[（106.10±5.53）μmol/L、（67.17±12.80）μmol/L]分别较第4天时[（153.54±27.08）μmol/L、（160.11±19.55）μmol/L]显著减低（P〈0.05）,但B组高于A组和C组（P〈0.05）.结论 呋塞米对三聚氰胺与三聚氰酸所致急性肾损伤起一定保护作用.

Objective To investigate the effect of diuretic （furosemide） therapy on kidney injury induced by melamine and cyanuric acid in rats. Methods 36 male Spragne Dawley rats were random disided into 3 groups. Group A was treated with 2mL of water daily, group B was treated with melamine and cyanuric acid （ each 100 mg/kg） daily for 4 days and then 2ml of water daily, group C was treated with the same as group B at the first 4 days and then treatment with furosemide （20mg/kg） daily. Samples of blood and 24h urine were collected to detective biochemical indexes, and kidney sections were performed on days 4 and 11 （ each end point, n = 6）. The kidneys were observed with histopathology and renal crystal deposition scores were determined. Results On the 4th day, group B and group C were resulted in acute kidney injury such as oliguria [ （ 3. 39 ± 1.02 ） ml, （ 3. 20 ± 0. 86 ） ml ] and high serum creatinine [ （ 153.54 ±27. 08）μmol/L, （160. 11 ± 19. 55）μmol/L] and renal melamine cyanurate crystal were found in the renal tissues. On the 11th day, the renal crystal deposition score in the rats was reduced by 9. 52% （ P 〉0. 05）. Compared with those of the 4th day in group B, it reduced by 63.63%（ P 〈0.05） in group C. Urine volume were increased significantly compared with those of the 4th day（ P 〈 0. 05 ） in group C [ from （3.20±0. 86）ml to （25.96 ±5.97）ml] and group B [ from（3. 39 ± 1.02）ml to （8. 57 ± 1.66）ml] , and Urine volume in group C was increased significantly more than that in group B （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The serum creatinine was obviously reduced as compared with those of the 4th day in group B and C（ P 〈0.05）, from[ （153. 54±27.08） μmol/L] to [ （ 106. 10 ±5.53） μmol/L] in group B and from [ （ 160. 11 ± 19. 55） μmol/L] to [ （67. 17 ± 12. 80 ） μmol/L] in group C, but the serum creatinine in group B was still higher than that in group A and C （ P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusions Furosemide can attenuate the damage of acute kidney injury induced by melamine and cyanuric acid.