汉语中介语介词性框式结构的偏误分析

An Analysis of the Errors of Adpositional Circum-construction on Chinese Interlinguage

本文以汉语中介语语料库为基础,对外国留学生在使用汉语的介词性框式结构时产生的偏误进行了比较系统的分析,其中既有句法结构方面的偏误,又有语义方面的偏误。前者主要表现为:框式结构不完整,该用框式结构的却没用,不该用框式结构的却用了,框式结构的句法位置错误;后者主要表现为:框式结构误代,框式结构的前置部分和后置部分配合错误,框式结构出现冗余成分,框内成分的句法语义错误。针对上述偏误,文章从五个方面说明了其产生的原因:对"框"的结构特征了解不充分,对框式结构"式"的特征把握不到位,中介语可渗透性特点的影响,中介语发生的认知基础,教学材料和教学过程中语言知识说明的失误。最后,文章还提出了一些教学建议。

Based on the Chinese interlanguage corpus,this paper systematically analyzes the syntactic errors and semantic errors that overseas students often make in their use of adpositional circum-constructions.There are four typical kinds of syntactic errors：the circum-construction is not completed; the circum-construction isn＇t used when it is needed; the circum-construction is used when it isn＇t needed; the circum-construction is misplaced.On the other hand,there are four types of semantic errors：the circum-construction is misused; the postpositive part and the prepositive part of a circum-construction are mismatched; redundant constituents exist in the circum-construction and there are syntactic-semantic errors in the constituent within the circum-construction.Based on the above analysis,the paper attempts to explore the reasons from the following aspects：the inadequate understanding of the essence of ＂circum＂ and ＂construction＂ respectively in the circum-construction; the impact of interlingual transfer; the cognitive foundation of interlanguage; the errors in the introduction of the teaching materials.Finally,the paper puts forward some teaching suggestions.