撒切尔政府非工业化问题分析

Analysis of Deindustrialization in Thatcher's Government

从制造业就业长期性绝对衰落这一非工业化界定来看,撒切尔时期是消极非工业化的典型。在1979-1981年间的经济衰退期间,在制造业中不同行业、制造业就业的区域分布以及英国与OECD国家在制造业就业方面的对比方面看,英国制造业都面临崩溃的境地;在1982-1990年的经济繁荣时期,撒切尔政府始终没有解决失业问题。究其政策层面原因在于撒切尔政府在执政初期采取的严厉的货币主义以及过于依靠市场的自身调节来解决失业问题。这说明要提高经济效率,摆脱滞涨,必须要发挥市场的作用;但是要解决失业问题,变消极的非工业化为积极的非工业化仅有市场是不够的,还需国家予以适当干预。

From the definition of deindustrialization,which is regarded as that the employment in manufacturing industry is declined absolutely in long term,the Thatcher period is typical example as negative deindustrialization. During the economic recession in 1979-1981,British manufacturing industries were facing the situation of collapse in terms of different vocations,regional distribution of employment in manufacturing and the comparison of employment in manufacturing between Britain and OECD countries. During the boom of 1982-1990,unemployment was not resolved in Thatcher＇s government. The causes in policy-making lie in the implement of rigorous Monetarism in initial stage of Thatcher＇s government and excessively trying to figure out the unemployment by the action of market. It indicates that it is useful to improve efficiency and get rid of stagflation,nevertheless it is not enough to resolve unemployment and change negative deindustrialization into positive deindustrialization only by the action of market,and it also needs moderate regulation of nation.