中国农村信贷情况初步统计——来自“北京大学-花旗银行”农村金融调研的证据

China's Rural Credit Situation Preliminary Statistics——From the "Peking University-CITI Group" Rural Financial Investigation Data

本文回顾了之前有关农村借贷的文献。基于"北大-花旗中国农村金融调查"数据,我们对数据结果进行初步描述。根据调查,大多数农村家庭可以在需要时获得信贷;他们会根据不同用途通过不同渠道进行借款。家族间的零利率贷款和向农村信用合作社贷款是信贷的两个主要来源;超过一半的贷款是亲朋间的免息贷款。调查也显示出,很多家庭对于申请贷款没有信心。另外,"利率太高"和"申请程序繁琐"、"没有足额贷款保证"也成为贷款的障碍。研究还发现,从农村合作信用社获得贷款的决定性因素是"偿付能力"和"个人信誉",而后者其实也可以被解释为"偿付能力"。除了这两个因素,能够提供担保人或抵押品,甚至有内部人(例如农村信用社职员)的帮助都可以对获得农村合作信用社贷款起到积极作用。最后一部分,我们为今后的研究方向提出两个建议。

This paper reviews the literature about the rural borrowing. Based on the ＂Peking University - CITI group China rural financial investigation＂ data, we give out the preliminary results. According to the survey, most rural family credit needs can be met. They can get the loans through deferent channels of borrowing. Among them, the relatives loans and to the rural credit cooperatives loans are the two main sources. More than half of the loan is between the interest-free loan. Investigation shows, a lot of families is to apply for loans without confidence. In addition, ＂high interest rate＂, ＂trival application procedure＂ and ＂without full loan guarantees＂ also become obstacles. Research also found that the rural credit cooperative is affected by the ＂solvency＂ and ＂personal reputation＂, while the latter is actually can also be interpreted as ＂solvency＂ . Besides the two factors, providing the guarantor or collateral, even having insiders （for example, rural credit cooperatives staff） can help to obtain rural cooperative credit loans, both play a positive role. Finally, we put forward to the direction of future research for two suggestions.