产业集群对区域经济发展的双向效应——基本方式与作用机理

The Two-way Impacts that Industry Cluster Has on Regional Economic Development——Basic Methods and Mechanisms

产业集群是区域产业发展的重要组织形式,目前已经成为区域经济发展的主流模式。产业集群对区域经济发展有显著的促进效应,既是拉动区域经济增长的发动机,又是促进区域创新的助推剂,还是提升区域竞争力的基本方式。尽管人们对于产业集群的正向效应的期望日益膨胀,但是,仍不得不接受这样一个现实:产业集群也会对区域经济的发展产生负向效应。一方面,产业集群自身的一些特点会对区域经济发展产生负面影响,例如,产业集群存在系统性风险、产业集群会导致市场失灵、产业集群会扩大区域差距、产业集群会引起周期性波动、产业集群会面临自我超越困境等。另一方面,对产业集群发展模式的不恰当运用,不仅会危及产业集群自身的健康发展,而且必将会对区域经济的长远发展造成危害。因此,扬长避短毫无疑问地成为培育和发展产业集群过程中的理性选择。

Industrial cluster is an important organization of regional industry development. It has become the mainstream model of regional economic development. Industry cluster has significant effects on regional economic development, including the driving engine of regional economic growth, the booster for regional innovation, the basic way of improving regional competitiveness. Although people＇s expectations about the positive effects of industrial cluster are more and more swelling, we still have to accept this reality： industrial cluster also has negative effects for regional economic development. On the one hand, some characteristics of industrial cluster will have negative impacts on regional economic development, for example, industrial cluster having systemic risks, leading to market failure, expanding the regional disparities, causing cyclical fluctuations, facing difficulties of self-transcendence etc. On the other hand, if the industrial cluster development model is not used properly, which will not only endanger the healthy development of industrial cluster itself, but also will cause harm on he long-term regional economic development. Therefore, the rational choice for us is to take advantages and avoid weaknesses during the process of breeding and developing industrial cluster.