中国农户生产效率实证研究

Research on the Chinese Farmers’ Production Efficiency

农户是我国农村最基本的生产单元和微观组织，农业竞争力最终体现在农户的生产效率上，农户的生产效率决定着我国整个农业的生产效率。因此，对于农户生产效率的研究，可以从侧面反映出我国现阶段农业的生产效率以及竞争力。本文运用数据包络分析法（DEA）对我国13年（1991～2003）农户的投入产出数据以及2003年全国各地区农户的投入产出数据对农户的综合生产效率、纯技术效率和规模效率进行了分析.从DEA分析结果可以看出，无论是对农户投入产出效率的趋势分析还是区域分析，我国农户投入产出综合效率总体上都比较高；农户的生产纯技术效率比较高，规模效率相对来说就要低一些，致使大部分地区农户生产无效率。因此，从我国目前农业的生产状况以及资源配置情况来看，要提高农户的生产效率、增强农业旁争力。就必须在提高农户生产技术的同时．增加农户的生产规模也是关键所在。

Farmers are the most basic of rural production unit and the microstructure, agricultural competitiveness in the ultimate production efficiency and productivity of farmers to our country the whole agriculture production efficiency. Therefore, the research production efficiency for farmers can reflect the reality from the side of agricultural production efficiency and the stage of competition. In this paper, using data envelopment analysis on China＇s 13 years （1991~2003） of the farmers input and output data in 2003, as well as all regions of the country＇s peasant farmers on the input-output data of technical efficiency and scale efficiency analysis, The results showed that： China＇s farmers input-output efficiency of an integrated whole, higher than; farmers produce pure technical efficiency is relatively high, and the scale of efficiency will be relatively low, with the result that farmers in most parts of the production inefficiency. Therefore, from the present situation of agricultural production and the resource allocation, to improve the production efficiency, increase farmers and agricultural competitiveness in improving farmers to increase production technology, the scale of production is key to farmers.