1989-2004年城乡家庭收入差异:一个多层固定效果模型分析

Long-Term Trend and Determinants of Urban-Rural Household Income Gap:China 1989-2004

利用1989-2004年"中国健康与营养调查"数据,运用固定效果模型和多层生长曲线模型,分析了城乡家庭人均年收入的趋势、现状和特点,探讨了城乡家庭收入差异产生的原因。虽然在这16年间,城、乡家庭人均收入都有了很大的提高,但二者之间的差距在不断上升;在其他条件相同的情况下,城市家庭的人均收入明显超过郊区、集镇和乡村家庭的人均收入;家庭人均收入受地域、社区和家庭等多层次因素的制约。解决城乡之间家庭收入差距的出路包括积极扩大非农就业,加快城镇化步伐,改善社区的就业条件,加大农村地区的教育回报率。

China′s socialist revolution is credited with the efforts promoting urban-rural household equality.However,urban-rural gap in many facets has widened in the reform era.Using longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey,this paper investigates the trend,patterns and determinants of per capital annul income in urban and rural households,focusing on contextual and household level factors.Model results suggest that urban and rural households remain highly stratified in income — the per capita income in suburb,town and village households is significantly lower than that in city households;also,household income is sensitive to community and household characteristics.Thus,part of government′s efforts to alleviate urban-rural inequality should be directed to both community and household level factors.