农村劳动力流动与城乡收入差距:基于模型的分析

Transfer of Rural Labor and Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas:Analysis Based on Model

发展理论认为,劳动力转移是缩小城乡收入差距的一种重要机制,但我国却出现了劳动力流动规模不断扩大和城乡收入差距不断扩大并存的现象。文章在认真研究中国转型时期背景和国情的基础上,建立符合我国现实的农村劳动力流动模型,发现由于转移劳动力只能得到其创造财富的较小部分,因而仅有就业转换的农村劳动力转移不仅不能缩小,反而会扩大城乡收入差距。为此,应通过改革城乡二元体制,建立城乡统一的劳动力市场;加大对农村人力资本投资的力度;动员和引导社会资源向农村地区投资等多种措施缩小城乡收入差距。

According to theory of development,the rural labor migration is an important mechanism in narrowing the urban-rural income gap.But in China,the trend seems to be reversed.After studying the background of the transitional period in China,the author finds that rural migrant workers can only get a smaller part of the value they produce,which results in the widening gap between urban and rural areas.In order to solve the problem,we must take many measures to reform the dual structure between cities and the countryside,to set up unified labor market and to expand investment in rural human capital.