集体行动的可能与实现:公民有序参与的视角——基于北京、青岛城市公共政策制定的实证分析

The Possibility and Reality of Collective Action through Orderly Citizen Participation——An Empirical Study of Public Policy Making in Beijing and Qingdao

公共政策制定的过程实际上是政府与社会互动的过程,是政府与社会公众对公共问题进行集体选择的过程。基于对北京、青岛居民在公共政策制定中参与情况的调查,认为公民有序参与是使公共政策制定达成集体行动一致的基础,但公民选择性参与的客观存在成为公民有序参与的重要制约因素。而通过发挥社区、居委会等基层组织的引导作用,通过信任基础的培育和社会资本的积累,以及公民参与效能的强化,能够显著促进公民自主参与的目的,并最终实现公共政策制定的集体行动。

The public policy making process is in effect a process of interaction between the government and the society, and a process of collective choice by the government and the public concerning public issues. Based on an investigation of the Beijing and Qingdao residents＇ participation in public policy making, the article maintains that orderly citizen participation is the basis for reaching conformity in collective action on public policy making, but the reality of selective citizen participation poses major constraining factors. Findings of this research suggest that autonomous citizen participation may be significantly promoted through advocating the guiding functions of grass-root organizations such as the community and neighborhood committees, cultivating the common ground for trust, accumulating social capital, and raising the efficacy of citizen participation. All this may eventually lead to collective actions in public policy making.